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31.
Mahmood Fatimah Khokhar Muhammad Fahim Mahmood Zafar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(3):2923-2933
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - South Asia is comprised of several countries, including Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, all ranked highly at risk of climatic variability.... 相似文献
32.
Kongbuamai Nattapan Zafar Muhammad Wasif Zaidi Syed Anees Haider Liu Yun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):40171-40186
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper investigates the impact of economic growth, energy consumption, tourism, trade openness, and population density on the ecological... 相似文献
33.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soils along a rural-urban-rural transect: sources, concentration gradients, and profiles 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gevao B Ghadban AN Uddin S Jaward FM Bahloul M Zafar J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3666-3672
This study reports concentrations of PBDEs in surface soil samples collected along a 140 km transect across Kuwait to assess the role of urban centers as sources of persistent organic pollutants to the surrounding environment. The ΣPBDE concentrations varied by a factor of ∼250 and ranged from 289 to 80,078 pg g−1 d.w. The concentrations of PBDEs in Kuwait City were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those collected from sites outside the city supporting the hypothesis that urban centers are sources of PBDEs. The congener profiles were dominated by BDE-209, accounting for 93% of the PBDEs in the soil samples. The concentrations of all congeners (except BDE-209) were highly correlated with percent organic carbon (%OC) (p > 0.05) when the data from Kuwait City was omitted from the analysis. These findings suggest that soil concentrations outside the urban centers were close to equilibrium with the atmosphere. 相似文献
34.
Asaad Ahmed Nafees Ambreen Kazi Zafar Fatmi Muhammad Irfan Arif Ali Fujio Kayama 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(2):203-216
This study was designed to determine the association between chronic arsenic exposure through drinking groundwater and decrement
in lung function, particularly among individuals who do not have signs of arsenic lesions, among an adult population. This
was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted during the months of January to March 2009. One hundred participants ≥15 years
of age in each group, i.e. exposed (≥100 μg/l) and unexposed (≤10 μg/l) to arsenic, determined by testing drinking water samples
(using portable kits), were compared for effects on lung function using spirometry. A structured and validated questionnaire
was administered. Examination for arsenic skin lesions was also done. There was a decline in the mean adjusted FEV1 of 154.3 ml
(95% CI: −324.7, 16.0; p = 0.076), in mean adjusted FVC of 221.9 ml (95% CI: −419.5, −24.3; p = 0.028), and in FEV1/FVC ratio of 2.0 (95% CI: −25.3, 29.4; p = 0.884) among participants who were exposed to arsenic compared to those unexposed. A separate model comprising a total
of 160 participants, 60 exposed to arsenic concentrations ≥250 μg/l and 100 unexposed at arsenic concentrations of ≤10 μg/l,
showed a decrement in mean adjusted FEV1 of 226.4 ml (95% CI: −430.4, −22.4; p = 0.030), in mean adjusted FVC of 354.8 ml (95% CI: −583.6, −126.0; p = 0.003), and in FEV1/FVC ratio of 9.9 (95% CI: −21.8, 41.6; p = 0.539) among participants who were exposed to arsenic in drinking groundwater. This study demonstrated that decrement in
lung function is associated with chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking groundwater, occurring independently, and even before
any manifestation, of arsenic skin lesions or respiratory symptoms. The study also demonstrated a dose-response effect of
arsenic exposure and lung function decrement. 相似文献
35.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the six criteria air pollutants related to urbanization and has a wide range of health effects. The study measured and compared the exhaled CO levels among commuters and roadside vendors in potentially heavy and low traffic volume areas of Karachi, a megacity in Pakistan. Saddar town [areas of M. A. Jinnah Road (Tibet Center, Denso Hall) and Empress Market] was selected to represent an area of high traffic volume and the suburban town of Gadap (Gadap and Gulshan-e-Maymar) was selected to represent an area of no or low traffic volume. The study compared the CO exposure of commuters and roadside vendors in high and low traffic volume in Karachi. CO exposure was measured in expired air using the breath analyzer module of Bacharach Monoxor-II, USA. A total of 326 individuals (115 commuters and 211 stationary roadside vendors) from Saddar town (n?=?193) and Gadap town (n?=?133) were selected. In addition, CO levels in ambient air in the same areas, using portable CO analyzer (Bacharach, Monoxor-II, USA), were measured. The mean ambient CO level at Saddar town was 15.6 (SE ± 2.6) ppm compared to 3.3 (SE ± 0.3) ppm at Gadap town. The mean CO level in expired air was significantly higher among nonsmokers at Saddar town (12.8 ± 0.5 ppm) compared to the nonsmokers at Gadap town (7.8 ± 0.4 ppm). The mean CO level in expired air among smokers was twice that of nonsmokers (21.6 vs. 10.6 ppm). CO in expired air was greater among high traffic volume commuters and roadside stationary population in Karachi, Pakistan. The population in Karachi is exposed to high concentration of air pollutants. These pollutants need to be characterized for health effects and interventions needs to be developed. 相似文献
36.
Chromosomes of Perna viridis were characterized by karyotype analysis, C-banding and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). The diploid chromosome number
was confirmed as 30 and the karyotype is composed of ten metacentric and five submetacentric chromosome pairs. Constitutive
heterochromatin blocks were found on all chromosomal pairs except chromosomal pair 15, which showed uniform staining throughout
the entire chromosomes. Silver staining revealed nucleolus organizer regions on telomeric region of four chromosomal pairs,
viz. 1, 3, 7 and 11. This is the first comprehensive study undertaken on chromosomes of Perna viridis. 相似文献
37.
Muhammad Nadeem Zafar Abdul Wahid Muhammad Afzal Ghauri Muhammad Zubair Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz Farooq Anwar 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):422-433
This investigation describes the use of specially cultivated, nonliving biomass of Trichoderma harzianum as a biosorbent for the batch removal of Pb(II) from a stirred system under different experimental conditions. The metal removal depended upon pH, sorbent particle size, initial Pb(II) concentration, shaking speed, and sorption time. The optimal experimental conditions for the removal of Pb(II) by T. harzianum with an initial metal concentration of 100 mg L?1 were obtained at a particle size of 53 μm, a pH of 4.5, a shaking speed of 200 rpm, and a contact time of 720 min. The results were analyzed in terms of adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. The Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo second-order model fitted well in the data. T. harzianum proved to be a good biomaterial for accumulating Pb(II) from aqueous solutions (q = 460 mg g?1). 相似文献
38.
Lead concentrations were determined for particulates which were deposited during one year on the leaves of roadside plants in Karachi. The particulates were collected from the leaves at a height of one metre. The lead accumulated by the leaves of different species was also measured. A statistically significant correlation was found between the number of passing petrol driven vehicles and the lead concentration in the deposits at different designated sites. However, no significant correlation was found between the concentration in the deposits and the lead accumulated by the leaves. A lead concentration of 30.00±6.6 ppm was recorded as the highest concentration in the particulate deposits, while maximum lead accumulated by the leaves was noted as 3.12±1.09 ppm. 相似文献
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40.
In recent times Pakistan's biggest city, Karachi, has witnessed numerous terrorist attacks. The city does not have an emergency response system and only one of the three public sector hospitals has a trauma centre. We describe the pattern of injuries and management of two terror-related mass casualty incidents involving suicide bombers in a developing nation with limited resources. The first incident occurred in May 2002 with 36 casualties, of whom 13 (36%) died immediately and 11 (30.5%) died at the primary receiving hospitals. The second incident was targeted against the local population in May 2004. The blast resulted in 104 casualties, of which 14 (13.46%) died at the site. All patients had their initial assessment and treatment based on Advanced Trauma and Life Support principles and documented on a trauma form. 相似文献