以污泥为载体的金属氧化物脱硝催化剂的研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,用氯化锌、硝酸锰和硝酸铁化学浸渍、高温热解制备脱除NO的催化剂.用微型气固相催化反应装置考察了该催化剂在CO选择性催化还原NO中的应用效果及寿命.实验结果表明:在350～550℃时的催化活性较高,在450℃时NO的最大转化率可达97.1%;催化剂的活性良好,经660 min的活性测试,催化剂的活性只降低了约3%.对该催化剂进行了BET、X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析,结果表明,该催化剂具有丰富的晶体结构,而且表面及空隙间负载的活性粒子较多,这些特征也表明该催化剂具有良好的催化性能.     

Variations in dissolved inorganic carbon species in effluents from large-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (Qingdao,China) and their potential impacts on coastal acidification

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With rapid development of global wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), acidification and enhanced CO2 release in receiving waters caused by high-CO2...     

Study on the water quality of the Taihu Lake using genotoxicological methods

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The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expaned granular sludge bed reactor

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L x d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO2(-) -N/(L x d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification (0.05 gN/(L x d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3% of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (34.3 mg/L) and nitrite (34.3 mg/ L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis.     

深度烟气脱硫(AFGD)工艺的研究

介绍了深度烟气脱硫（AFGD）工艺的过程及其核心部件JBR反应器的工作原理，分析了该项技术的技术创新之处及其综合性能。经过实际应用，AFGD工艺脱硫率可以达到93．4％。并且运行安全、稳定、简单和投资低。     

用三维平流扩散模式预测滇池地区氟化物污染

根据包含有PBL湍流统计量的三维物质连续方程,作者设计了一个同时考虑大气参数的时空(三维)变化、多个连续污染源、线性的化学转化和迁移以及复杂地形影响的三维平流扩散模式,并将滇池地区整个PBL内连续实测的湍流统计量、拉氏时间尺度、中尺度流场和混合层厚度直接输入模式,对山谷风、湖陆风和城市热岛(昆明市)中尺度局地环流控制下的氟化氢浓度的日变化作了预测。结果表明,在输入同一资料情况下,预测的结果与实测值大体上一致。     

Influence of micro-organisms on the dissolution of metallic platinum emitted by automobile catalytic converters

Platinum emitted by automotive catalyst converters mainly exists in the metallic form, which is not bioavailable. Several investigations showed that finely dispersed metallic platinum is dissolved in organic matrices to a significantly high degree [1,2]. In an exclusion experiment, observations were made as to whether the transformation of Pt(0) and other platinum compounds is mainly of a chemical nature or is influenced by micro-organisms. A previous experiment [2], concerning the interaction of several platinum compounds with a clay-like humic soil was repeated under sterile conditions to rule out the influence of micro-organisms. During the time of interaction (3–60 d), no significant differences were observed between the sterile and non-sterile modes. Thus, the dissolution of metallic platinum into soluble species, observed previously within this time period [2], seems to be mainly of a chemical nature. On leave from Liaoning University, Department of Chemistry, 110036 Shenyang, PR China     

Investigation of the common intermediates over Fe-ZSM-5 in NH3-SCR reaction at low temperature by in situ DRIFTS

The surface species formed in the reaction of NO and NO₂ with pre-adsorbed NH₃ over a Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst (1.27 wt.% Fe, SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 25) at low temperature (140°C) were studied by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Through using a background spectrum of NH₃-saturated Fe-ZSM-5, we clearly observed the formation of common intermediates resulting from the reaction of NO₂ or NO + O₂ with pre-adsorbed NH₃. This presents strong evidence that the oxidation of NO to form surface nitrates and nitrites is the key step for standard SCR at low temperature. In addition, the results suggest that in the SCR reaction at low temperature, the NH₄⁺ ions absorbed on Brønsted acid sites are less active than NH₃ adsorbed on Lewis acid sites related to Fe species.     

Analysis of the origin of peak aerosol optical depth in springtime over the Gulf of Tonkin

By aggregating MODIS(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) AOD(aerosol optical depth) and OMI(ozone monitoring instrument) UVAI(ultra violet aerosol index)datasets over 2010–2014, it was found that peak aerosol loading in seasonal variation occurred annually in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin(17–23°N, 105–110°E). The vertical structure of the aerosol extinction coefficient retrieved from the spaceborne lidar CALIOP(cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization) showed that the springtime peak AOD could be attributed to an abrupt increase in aerosol loading between altitudes of 2 and 5 km.In contrast, aerosol loading in the low atmosphere(below 1 km) was only half of that in winter. Wind fields in the low and high atmosphere exhibited opposite transportation patterns in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin, implying different sources for each level. By comparing the emission inventory of anthropogenic sources with biomass burning, and analyzing the seasonal variation of the vertical structure of aerosols over the Northern Indo-China Peninsula(NIC), it was concluded that biomass burning emissions contributed to high aerosol loading in spring. The relatively high topography and the high surface temperature in spring made planetary boundary layer height greater than 3 km over NIC. In addition, small-scale cumulus convection frequently occurred, facilitating pollutant rising to over 3 km, which was a height favoring long-range transport. Thus, pollutants emitted from biomass burning over NIC in spring were raised to the high atmosphere, then experienced long-range transport, leading to the increase in aerosol loading at high altitudes over the Gulf of Tonkin during spring.     

构建服务型消防行政管理模式的对策思考

改革开放和社会进步,给消防工作的发展提供了难得的机遇和挑战。强化政府消防行政职能,改善消防安全环境,构建服务型消防管理新模式成为社会发展的必然。本文分析了当前政府在消防行政管理中存在的问题,从消防行政管理理念、消防监督模式以及消防工作机制等方面给出了构建服务型消防行政管理模式的对策。