普光气田环境空气植物监测体系的初步构想

在简要回顾国内外有关植物监测大气污染研究的基础上,针对普光气田主要大气污染因子与环境监测现状,从监测植物筛选、监测点位选取、监测体系标准化、"植物-大气-土壤"综合评价系统以及应急监测机制等五个方面,讨论了构建该地区环境空气植物监测体系的基本想法和建议,并进行了展望,供项目建设决策参考。     

无铅焊料合金中重金属元素浸出行为的研究

选用Sn.3.5Ag-0.5Cu、Sn-3.5Ag、Sn-0.5Cu无铅焊料合金及它们与Cu的钎焊接头,研究了它们在典型的酸性、碱性和盐溶液中的重金属元素的浸出规律.结果表明,焊料合金中的主要浸出元素Sn在酸性或碱性溶液中的浸出量都不是太多,而在NaCl盐溶液中浸出量增大2个数量级.制备成钎焊接头后,在酸性环境中,Sn-3.5Ag和Sn.0.5Cu钎焊接头中Sn的浸出量增加1个数量级以上,而在NaOH碱性环境中.Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu钎焊接头中Sn的浸出量相对较高.该结果对电子垃圾填埋环境选择及相关决策提供了参考.     

pH和温度对邻苯二甲酸二辛酯生物降解的影响研究

由于邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的广泛应用,对环境造成了巨大的影响,因此对其的降解性研究刻不容缓。选取邻苯二甲酸酯类中的一种化合物——邻苯二甲酸二辛酯作为受试物,运用好氧生物降解方法,把驯养后的污水处理厂的活性污泥对其进行降解试验,通过对pH值和温度的调节,研究温度在15℃～45℃,pH值在5.0～9.0时邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的降解情况,结果表明,好氧生物降解DOP的适宜温度为30℃～35℃,适宜pH值为8.0。     

江苏省生态工业园指标体系研究

文章在分析了国内现有的生态工业园相关指标体系的基础上,结合江苏省工业园区的特点,提出了江苏省生态工业园区指标体系。指标体系包括经济发展、物质减量与循环、污染控制、园区管理四个方面,共27项指标构成的指标体系,其中约束性指标25项,参考性指标2项。这为江苏省级生态工业园区的创建和考核提供了依据。     

Anaerobic digestion and recycling of kitchen waste: a review

About 1.6 billion tons of food are wasted worldwide annually, calling for advanced methods to recycle food waste into energy and materials. Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste allows the efficient recovery of energy, and induces low-carbon emissions. Nonetheless, digestion stability and biogas production are variables, due to dietary habits and seasonal diet variations that modify the components of kitchen waste. Another challenge is the recycling of the digestate, which could be partly solved by more efficient reactors of anaerobic digestion. Here, we review the bottlenecks of anaerobic digestion treatment of kitchen waste, with focus on components inhibition, and energy recovery from biogas slurry and residue. We provide rules for the optimal treatment of the organic fraction of kitchen waste, and guidelines to upgrade the anaerobic digestion processes. We propose a strategy using an anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor to improve anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, and a model for the complete transformation and recycling of kitchen waste, based on component properties.

     

Degradation of carbon tetrachloride in thermally activated persulfate system in the presence of formic acid

The thermally activated persulfate (PS) degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) in the presence of formic acid (FA) was investigated. The results indicated that CT degradation followed a zero order kinetic model, and CO ₂ ^– · was responsible for the degradation of CT confirmed by radical scavenger tests. CT degradation rate increased with increasing PS or FA dosage, and the initial CT had no effect on CT degradation rate. However, the initial solution pH had effect on the degradation of CT, and the best CT degradation occurred at initial pH 6. Cl^– had a negative effect on CT degradation, and high concentration of Cl^– displayed much strong inhibition. Ten mmol·L^–1HCO ₃ ^– promoted CT degradation, while 100 mmol·L^–1NO ₃ ^– inhibited the degradation of CT, but SO ₄ ^2– promoted CT degradation in the presence of FA. The measured Cl–concentration released into solution along with CT degradation was 75.8% of the total theoretical dechlorination yield, but no chlorinated intermediates were detected. The split of C-Cl was proposed as the possible reaction pathways in CT degradation. In conclusion, this study strongly demonstrated that the thermally activated PS system in the presence of FA is a promising technique in in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) remediation for CT contaminated site.     

An interval joint-probabilistic programming method for solid waste management: a case study for the city of Tianjin, China

Currently, environmental protection and resources conservation continue to be challenges faced by solid-waste managers in China. These challenges are being further compounded by rapid socioeconomic devel- opment and population growth associated with increased waste generation rates and decreased waste disposal capacities. In response to these challenges, an interval joint-probabilistic mixed-integer programming （IJMP） method is developed for supporting long-term planning of waste management activities in the city of Tianjin, which is one of the largest municipalities in the northern part of China. In the IJMP, joint probabilistic constraints are introduced into an interval-parameter mixed-integer programming framework, such that uncertainties presented in terms of interval values and random variables can be reflected. Moreover, a number of violation levels for the waste-management-capacity constraints are examined, which can facilitate in-depth analyses of tradeoffs among economic objective and system-failure risk. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They are valuable for supporting the adjustment of the city＇s existing waste-management practices and the long- term planning of the city＇s waste-management facilities.     

纳米材料诱导细胞自噬及其"双刃剑"作用

细胞自噬是细胞维持自身稳态的关键生物学过程。近年来,纳米材料诱发的细胞自噬效应及其生物学结局受到了研究人员的高度关注,成为纳米医学和纳米毒理学的重要研究方向。一方面,纳米材料诱发的自噬效应可作为纳米药物发挥治疗作用的重要过程,另一方面,其诱发的自噬效应也可成为纳米材料诱发细胞死亡和机体损伤的重要原因。本文重点阐述纳米材料诱导自噬发生的过程及相关机制,进一步探讨纳米材料诱导自噬的不同结局、机制和影响因素,以期为深入认识纳米材料自噬效应并对其进行毒理学评价提供科学依据。     

耐热石油烃降解混合菌的筛选及其群落结构分析

对克拉玛依采集的部分石油污染土壤进行了筛选,得到了5组石油烃高效降解混合菌,其中混合菌KL9-1在45℃的条件下,通过7 d的降解,稀油的降解率达到43.27%,稠油的降解率达到20.09%。混合菌KL9-1经过多次分离纯化后,获得3株具有石油烃降解能力的优势单菌,3株单菌对稀油的降解率都在30%以上。结合分离单菌株的形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列的分析结果,初步鉴定KL9-1-1为Pseudomonas putida,KL9-1-2和KL9-1-3为Pseudomonas sp.。     

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测太湖水质的研究

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对太湖水质进行监测,测定太湖各样点水样的蚕豆根尖细胞微核千分率（MCN‰）及污染指数（PI）,并进行F检验。结果表明,各样点MCN‰有显著性差异,39个样点中有6个采样点的PI在2以上,和对照组相比有显著差异（p＜0.05）,表明太湖部分区域水质受到不同程度的污染。