WASP水质模型在辽河干流污染减排模拟中的应用

运用WASP模型对辽河流域实施水质改善方案后水质的变化进行模拟,以辽河干流铁岭段水质指标COD为例,结合流域污染削减目标寻求合理的减排任务分配方案。结果袁明：根据不同季节灵活地分配减排任务,辽河干漉铁岭段年削减COD1．74—2．49万吨可使其水质状况得到明显改善,迭到减排耳标。     

废旧线路板回收的污染防治技术综述

废旧线路板回收不仅能够解决电子废弃物迅速增长带来的环境污染问题,而且可以实现资源再生利用,是中国当前鼓励发展的行业。线路板回收过程也将不可避免的带来一定环境污染问题。中国企业现阶段常用的线路板回收工艺主要包括机械物理法、湿法冶金、火法冶金、热解法等。废旧线路板的回收工艺不同,污染物产生特点也不同,企业应根据线路板回收工艺有针对性的选择污染防治措施。线路板回收过程中产生的废渣再利用应成为今后研究的重点。     

化工企业风险可接受标准研究

分析归纳了一些国家和地区个体风险和社会风险,首次提出以人群自然死亡率为基础,确定个体风险制定的基础,把化工企业个体风险分为三类,分别为单个或少量暴露人员场所、居住类高密度场所和特别敏感的目标对应的个体风险,与国家安全生产监督管理总局规定危险化学品重大危险源产生的个体风险基本吻合.采用ALARP原则,合理确定社会风险并划分为不可接受区、尽可能降低区和风险可容许区.风险标准值的制定为企业风险管理和风险决策提供更加有意义的参考,也为化工企业开展定量风险评估提供技术支撑.     

黑龙江省2006—2009年城市声环境质量状况及变化趋势分析

对黑龙江省13个市地2006年-2009年声环境质量的监测数据进行研究,分析了黑龙江省声环境质量状况及变化趋势。黑龙江省城市区域声环境质量主要处于较好和轻度污染状态;城市道路交通环境质量处于好和较好水平;城市各类功能区声环境质量,夜间超标现象仍很严重;交通噪声影响强度最大;社会生活噪声影响范围最广;改善声环境质量仍是今后一项主要工作。     

浅谈清洁生产在山东焦化行业中的应用

阐述了在焦化行业开展清洁生产的必要性,结合焦化企业开展清洁生产的实例,从废物最小化和资源化等方面概述了清洁生产技术在焦化行业中的应用;并以山东焦化企业为例论述如何做好清洁生产工作。     

Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China: Implications for sources and historical changes

The distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd and As) in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary was investigated. The spatial distribution of heavy metals displayed a decreasing pattern from the turbidity maxima to both upstream and downstream of the estuary, which suggested that suspended sediments played an important role in the trace metal distribution in the Pearl River Estuary. In addition, metal concentrations were higher in the west part of the estuary which received most of the pollutants from the Pearl River. In the sediment cores, fluxes of heavy metals were consistent with a predominant anthropogenic input in the period 1970-1990. From the mid-1990s to the 2000s, there was a significant decline in heavy metal pollution. The observed decline has shown the result of pollution control in the Pearl River Delta. However, it is noteworthy that the metal concentrations in the most recent sediment still remained considerably high. Taken together, the enrichment of heavy metals in sediments was largely controlled by anthropogenic pollution.     

原油加热炉炉管剩余寿命评估

根据加热炉炉管温度分布,提出了加热炉炉管剩余寿命评估方法:即炉管蠕变损伤后剩余寿命的评估和腐蚀损伤后剩余寿命的评估,采用此方法对在用加热炉进行了评估,并对评价结果进行了验证.     

外生菌根对欧洲赤松苗(Pinussylvestris)Cu、Zn积累和分配的影响

通过测定２种不同施锌和施铜水平下苗木和离体菌丝中铜锌含量研究了接种外生菌根（Ｓｕｉｌｌｕｓｂｏｖｉｎｕｓ）对欧洲赤松（Ｐｉ－ｎｕｓｓｙｌｖｅｓｔｒｉｓ）苗生长和微量元素积累和分配的影响． 结果表明菌丝的侵染增加了苗木生长同时也增加了植物体内重金属的含量．然而菌根植物中的重金属大部分分布在根部在铜处理中菌根植物地下部分的铜含量是无菌根植物的２．６倍在锌处理中锌是无菌根植物的１．３ 倍． 说明菌丝侵染使植物将过量的重金属滞留在根部从而增加了植物对过量重金属的抗性．通过进一步测定培养在过量重金属中的离体菌丝的重金属含量结果显示随着外界重金属浓度的增加菌丝分泌物内重金属含量比菌丝内重金属含量增加快说明滞留在根部的重金属可能并没有进入根系而是以某种形态滞留在菌丝分泌物和菌丝内．     

Co-transport of dissolved organic matter and heavy metals in soils induced by excessive phosphorus applications

To evaluate the e ects of long-term applications of phosphorus fertilizers on mobility of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and heavy metals in agricultural soils, a sandy soil and a loamy soil were spiked with ammonium phosphate at application rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg P per kilogram of soil. A series of 15-cm long soil columns were constructed by packing incubated soils of varying concentrations of P. The soil columns were consecutively leached by simulated rainfalls for six cycles. The contents of water extractable organic carbon in both sandy and loamy soils increased significantly with increasing rates of P applications. Relatively high rates of P applications could induce a marked increase in DOM concentrations in the leachates, the e ects were larger with the sandy soil rather than with the loamy soil. Applications of P changed the partitioning of trace metals in the soil solids and the soil solutions. The increased P application rates also seemed to elevate the leaching of Cu, Cd, and Zn from soils. The concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Zn in the leachates were positively correlated with DOM, probably due to the formation of metal-DOM complexes. In contrast, Pb concentrations in the leachates were negatively correlated with DOM, and decreased with increasing rates of P applications. The boosted leaching of DOM induced by high rates of P applications was probably due to the added phosphate ions competing for adsorption sites in the soil solids with the indigenous DOM.     

基于决策树的城市黑臭水体遥感分级

水体黑臭程度遥感监测是了解城市水质现状和综合评价城市水环境治理效果的重要手段.以南京、常州、无锡和扬州为研究区,共采集171个样点,同步测量水质参数和光学参数,分析黑臭水体与一般水体的水色和光学特征,构建决策树模型进行重度黑臭水体、轻度黑臭水体和非黑臭水体（记为一般水体）识别.结果表明：①根据色度可将水体分为1~6类水体,其中,类型1~4为黑臭水体,分别为灰黑色、深灰色、灰色和浅灰色水体,类型5和类型6水体为一般水体,分别为绿色系和黄色系水体;②类型1水体的非色素颗粒物和有色可溶性有机物含量高,但色素颗粒物的吸收并不占主导,类型2和5水体的吸收以色素颗粒物吸收占主导,类型3、4和6水体的吸收以非色素颗粒物吸收占主导;③根据六类水体的反射光谱差异用黑臭水体差值指数（difference of black-odorous water index,DBWI）、三波段面积水体指数（green-red-nir area water index,G-R-NIR AWI）、绿光波段反射率和归一化黑臭水体指数（normalized difference black-odorous water index,NDBWI）构建的水体分类识别决策树,能够有效识别出重、轻度黑臭水体和一般水体;④将决策树模型应用于2019年4月9日扬州的PlanetScope影像上,并利用10个同步过境点进行验证,整体识别精度达到80.00%,K值达到0.67.通过水色分类后的城市水体分级模型方法,可推广应用于类似的水体,为黑臭水体监管提供技术方法.