离子液体对废旧印刷线路板中铜、锌、铅的浸出规律

以离子液体1-丁基磺酸-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲烷磺酸盐([BSO_3HMIm]OTf)为浸出剂,初步研究了WPCBs浸铜过程中锌和铅浸出率的影响因素。实验结果表明:铜、锌的浸出率随着WPCBs粒径的减小、H_2O_2溶液加入量的增大而增大,铜的浸出率随浸出温度的升高先增大后减小,锌的浸出率受浸出温度影响不大;铅的浸出率受5种因素影响不大,且总体处于较低水平。在WPCBs粒径为0.100~0.250 mm、离子液体加入量为60.0%(φ)、H_2O_2溶液加入量为7.5%(φ)、固液比为1∶15、浸出温度为50℃的条件下,铜、锌、铅的浸出率分别为99.84%,93.25%,22.46%。     

垂直流人工湿地处理稠油废水的实验研究

采用垂直流人工湿地模拟装置对新疆油田外排含盐稠油废水进行了处理。实验表明:对于进水CODCr为402～406mg/L,盐度5701～5712mg/L,石油类40.62mg/L的含盐稠油废水,该系统的出水指标为CODCr35～38mg/L,盐度1535～1542mg/L,湿地系统对CODCr和盐分的去除率达到91%和73%;当水力停留时间为11d以上,出水石油类<5mg/L,处理后出水CODCr、石油类达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。     

超声前处理强化活性炭吸附活性艳红X-3B染料废水

探究了超声前处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水强化活性炭吸附降解性能及不同超声参数的影响规律,包括超声功率和超声时间。研究结果表明,超声前处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水可通过空化效应使有机大分子裂解为小分子易于被活性炭吸附,同时可强化其到活性炭微孔中传输,提高了活性炭吸附降解性能,最佳超声功率为320 W。浓度越高,所需超声时间越长,当超声达到一定时间后,继续超声不会影响染料分子的吸附。超声前处理虽然不会改变吸附平衡时间,但可有效增加活性炭处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水的饱和吸附量。     

生活垃圾焚烧底灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究∗

垃圾焚烧底灰(MSWI底灰)是垃圾焚烧的副产品之一,将MSWI底灰应用于透水路基,不仅能满足透水路基强度和渗透性需求,还能吸附雨水径流中的有机污染物。以苏州七子山垃圾焚烧厂MSWI底灰为原料,通过吸附试验及扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对其作为透水路基材料的吸附性能及机理进行了研究。结果表明,MSWI底灰的微观结构为球状结构,具有较大比表面积,粒径小于7.6 mm的底灰比表面积约为10 m2/g。可溶盐的溶解也能够增加吸附点位,从而促进有机物的吸附。动力学模型和等温吸附模型揭示了吸附为单分子层吸附,吸附能够在200min内达到平衡。由于可溶盐的溶解,表面具有一定的非均匀性,非均匀系数为0.75。根据Langmuir等温吸附模型计算,其对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量约为5.44 mg/g。     

Effects of organic matter on Leymus chinensis germination,growth, and urease activity and available nitrogen in coastal saline soil

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of three organic matters (stalk powder, microbial fertilizer, and manure) on Leymus chinensis germination, growth, and urease activity and available nitrogen (N) in coastal saline soil. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight treatments: J₀V₀Y₀, J₁V₀Y₀, J₀V₁Y₀, J₀V₀Y₁, J₁V₁Y₀, J₁V₀Y₁, J₀V₁Y₁, J₁V₁Y₁. The notations were based on the quantities of each agent added to 1 kg of coastal saline soil: J₀ – no straw powder, J₁ – 0.2 kg straw powder, Y₀ – no manure, Y₁ – 0.3 kg manure, V₀ – no microbial fertilizer, V₁ – 0.2 L microbial fertilizer, each in quantic repeat. L. chinensis was sown as 50 seeds per pot. Results indicated that addition of organic agents exerted a significantly enhanced germination, increase in fresh weight and elevated soil urease activity. Soil available N levels were significantly positively correlated with soil urease activity and fresh weight, but not with germination rate. It is noteworthy that the halophyte L. chinensis showed improved characteristics when grown in coastal saline soil with addition of organic amendments.     

Catalytic activities and mechanism of formaldehyde oxidation over gold supported on MnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> microsphere catalysts at room temperature

MnO₂ microspheres with various surface structures were prepared using the hydrothermal method, and Au/MnO₂ catalysts were synthesized using the sol-gel method. We obtained three MnO₂ microspheres and Au/MnO₂ samples: coherent solid spheres covered with wire-like nanostructures, solid spheres with nanosheets, and hierarchical hollow microspheres with nanoplatelets and nanorods. We investigated the properties and catalytic activities of formaldehyde oxidation at room temperature. Crystalline structures of MnO₂ are the main factor affecting the catalytic activities of these samples, and γ-MnO₂ shows high catalytic performance. The excellent redox properties are responsible for the catalytic ability of γ-MnO₂. The gold-supported interaction can change the redox properties of catalysts and accelerate surface oxygen species transition, which can account for the catalytic activity enhancement of Au/MnO₂. We also studied intermediate species. The dioxymethylene (DOM) and formate species formed on the catalyst surface were considered intermediates, and were ultimately transformed into hydrocarbonate and carbonate and then decomposed into CO₂. A proposed mechanism of formaldehyde oxidation over Au/MnO₂ catalysts was also obtained.     

The effects of autophagy in rat tracheal epithelial cells induced by silver nanoparticles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The massive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is potentially harmful to exposed humans. Although previous studies have found that AgNPs can induce...     

Establishment of a comprehensive analysis method for the microfaunal movement in activated sludge

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microfaunal identification and analysis are very complex; thus, an image analysis method was utilized in this paper to overcome the shortcomings of...     

Nitrogen removal performance and bacterial communities in zeolite trickling filter under different influent C/N ratios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the degradation performance of nutrients in zeolite trickling filter (ZTF) with different influent C/N ratios and aeration conditions...