Ti（Ⅳ）催化臭氧／过氧化氢预处理酸性难降解废水

在Ti（Ⅳ）和过氧化氢存在条件下,考察了臭氧化酸性苯乙酮溶液、硝基苯溶液和垃圾渗滤液（浙江衢州某垃圾填埋场）的预处理效能。结果表明,在pH2．86条件下,单独臭氧化处理对苯乙酮、硝基苯和垃圾渗滤液的COD去除率分别为10．1％、44％和28．6％。BOD,／COD值分别从原来的0．039、0．060和0．085提高到了0．130、0．158和0．174,仍属生化难降解废水。当体系加入Ti（Ⅳ）后,臭氧化苯乙酮和硝基苯的COD去除率分别达到了75．5％和65％,BOD;／COD则提高到了0．679和0．314,可生化性提升明显。对于垃圾渗滤液,只有当体系加入Ti（Ⅳ）和H22后,臭氧化COD的去除率达到66．6％,BOD、／COD提高至0．425。上述结果对酸性难降解废水的处理实际意义非常突出。     

三燃式危险废物焚烧技术探讨

文章介绍了三燃式危险废物焚烧技术,该新型焚烧炉采用回转热解窑作为一次燃烧处理方式,再由往复式炉排炉进行二次焚化燃烧,未燃尽的气体、粉尘进入三燃室充分分解燃烧,因此烧尽率高、热能效率高.     

确定压力容器安全系数原则

压力容器安全系数与材料参数紧密相关,确定材料许用应力值时,需要同时考虑材料抗拉强度和屈服强度更为合理;奥氏体不锈钢材料具有非常好的应变强化能力和韧性,为充分发挥奥氏体不锈钢材料优良性能,选取奥氏体不锈钢材料许用应力值时,需要特殊考虑。压力容器安全系数的选取建立在经验基础上,在保障压力容器安全性前提条件下,为节省材料和降低成本,随着理论研究深入和科学实验的进步,压力容器安全系数有所降低,这是科学设计和实用成功经验结合的结果。     

浅谈外墙保温材料对建筑防火的影响

本文通过对几种外墙保温材料及国内外外墙保温技术的介绍,从中分析出引起建筑耐火极限降低的原因,找到在目前条件下,最适合外墙保温的材料及技术,以降低火灾的发生。     

Study on Fish and Amphibian Embryo-Larval Toxicity Test

In China, it is necessary to establish short-term biomonitoring methods for evaluating the chronic toxicity of industrial wastewater. In this paper, the aquatic toxicity of four important pollutants in petrochemical wastewater, including acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, sulphocyanic sodium and dimethyl formamide, was studied with fish and amphibian embryo-larval toxicity tests using Cyprinus carpio and Rana nigromaculata as test organisms. The objective is to present some useful data for establishing short-term chronic toxicity test methods used to perform biomonitoring in China. The results indicate that the chronic toxicity of acrylonitrile to fish and amphibians was the highest of the four test pollutants, followed by NaSCN, acetonitrile and DMF. The sensitivity of the carp embryo- larval test to chemicals was greater than that of the R. nigromaculata embryo-larval test.     

废旧电池资源化、无害化

对当前国内外在废旧电池的处理处置方面进行了综合性论述,对废旧电池的危害及当前应采取的对策进行分析。     

石化行业给排水系统设计图纸环境监理审查要点

石化行业废水种类多样、毒性较大,给排水系统的设计会直接影响石化项目建成后周边地表及地下水环境质量。设计文件的环保审查是环境监理的重要依据之一,其中,相关的设计图纸对下一步建设工作具有指导作用,是所有施工单位的施工依据。以某石化行业为例,对给排水系统设计文件的收集进行了分析,并根据设计图纸环保审查中存在的问题,对环境监理如何提高在设计会审中的作用,设计阶段如何对设计图纸进行审查以及审查的重点内容等进行了阐述。     

秸秆焚烧对北京市空气质量的影响

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测试了北京市两个采样点 1 #站 (十三陵站 ,清洁对照点 )和 5#站 (天坛站 ,居民生活区 )1 1 0个大气颗粒物样品中的水溶性钾 ,以表征秸秆焚烧颗粒物。 1 #站水溶性钾的质量浓度年均值为 1 .2 1 μg/m3,其中以1 998年 6月份浓度 (3 .0 7μg/m3)最高 ,是 5月份 (1 .0 2μg/m3)的 3倍 ;5#站水溶性钾的质量浓度年均值为 1 .94μg/m3,6月份 (4 .2 2 μg/m3)最高 ,是 5月份 (1 .97μg/m3)的 2 .1倍。数据分析结果表明 1 998年 6月份麦收季节存在以秸秆焚烧为主的生物质燃烧现象 ,使大气颗粒物中有机碳浓度水平升高 ,并对北京市的空气质量带来负面影响     

Effects of pig manure containing copper and zinc on microbial community assessed via phospholipids in soils

Pig manure (PM) is widely used as an organic fertilizer to increase yields of crops. Excessive application of compost containing relatively great concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) can change soil quality. To clarify the effects of different rates of application and to determine the optimal rate of fertilization, PM containing 1,115 mg Cu kg^?1, dry mass (dm) and 1,497 mg Zn kg^?1, dm was applied to alkaline soil at rates of 0, 11, 22, 44, 88, and 222 g PM kg^?1, dm. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were used to assess soil microbial community composition. Application of PM resulted in greater concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), NH₄ ⁺-N, NO₃ ^?-N, total carbon (TC), soil organic matter (SOM) but lesser pH values. Soils with application rates of 88–222 g PM kg^?1, dm had concentrations of total and EDTA-extractable Cu and Zn significantly greater than those in soil without PM, and concentrations of T-Cu and T-Zn in these amended soils exceeded maximum limits set by standards in china. Except in the soil with a rate of 11 g PM kg^?1, dm, total bacterial and fungal PLFAs were directly proportional to rate of application of PM. Biomasses of bacteria and fungi were significantly greater in soils with application rates of 44–222 g PM kg^?1, dm than in the soil without PM. SOM, TC and EDTA-Zn had the most direct influence on soil microbial communities. To improve fertility of soils and maintain quality of soil, rate of application should be 22–44 g PM kg^?1 dm, soil containing Cu and Zn.     

北方泥炭地泥炭土矿化速率、温度敏感性及其影响因素研究

北方泥炭地是全球重要的碳汇,也是全球变暖最为敏感的区域之一.然而,由于泥炭地表层和亚表层泥炭土碳排放过程对全球变暖的响应过程及机制仍存在一定争议,目前对全球变暖背景下泥炭地碳排放的认识仍存在一定不足.本研究于2019年8月在大兴安岭满归泥炭地采集表层(0～10 cm)和亚表层(15～30 cm)泥炭土进行室内增温模拟有氧培养,测定其矿化速率、有机质性质和水解酶活性.结果表明,表层泥炭土矿化速率在5、15、25℃下培养时((142.8±66.9)～(545.3±30.6)、(575.0±62.1)～(1843.0±547.4)、(888.4±123.9)～(3646.7±167.9)μg·g^-1·d^-1)均高于亚表层((113.0±41.5)～(367.1±64.1)、(357.4±52.3)～(1122.1±218.8)、(697.1±38.1)～(2336.4±150.6)μg·g^-1·d^-1),但表层和亚表层矿化作用的温度敏感性不具有显著差异;培养过程中,表层与亚表层泥炭土β-1,4-N-乙酰葡...