植物对酞酸酯的敏感性

采用发芽试验和温室盆试验等方法，研究了酞酸酯（ＤＢＰ、ＤＥＨＰ）对番茄等１２种蔬菜以及水稻、小麦和油菜的影响。结果表明：酞酸酯（１０ｍｇ／１）对种子发芽率无明显影响，但对幼苗形态特征有一定作用。电镜观察表明：受害叶片叶绿体数量减少、结构改变。初步讨论了酞酸酯的理化性质与作物受害的关系，划分了蔬菜对酞酸酯的敏感性顺序。     

大气环境中O_3测试方法的研究

靛蓝二磺酸钠（ＩＤＳ）浓度对Ｏ３的吸收效率影响很大，增加ＩＤＳ的浓度将增大ＩＤＳ与Ｏ３的碰撞概率，因此，用一支单层玻板吸收管就能测定大气中的Ｏ３，其吸收效率可达１００％。     

纳米TiO2对中肋骨条藻和杜氏盐藻的毒性效应研究

纳米材料的广泛应用增加了其进入海洋环境的风险,目前急需探明纳米材料的毒性效应和致毒机理。本文选用常见的纳米TiO₂ （nano-TiO₂）作为实验材料,通过进行微藻的生长抑制实验,测定微藻叶绿素的含量和脂质过氧化水平,探究了nano-TiO₂对两种海洋微藻中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）和杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella salina）的毒性效应。同时利用扫描电镜观测了微藻对nano-TiO₂的吸附作用,并初步研究了nano-TiO₂的沉降效应。结果表明,nano-TiO₂对海洋微藻S.costatum和D.salina的生长和光合作用均有抑制,且对两种微藻的毒性大小相似;nano-TiO₂会被微藻吸附,对微藻产生氧化损伤,抑制微藻的生长和光合作用,是nano-TiO₂对微藻产生毒性的主要原因;因nano-TiO₂在实验介质中会发生沉降,实际所有实验结果均在低于原设定浓度下获得。     

超声波技术在降解水体污染物中的应用研究

未经处理或经过处理但未达标直接排放的废水中含有较多污染物,会对动植物乃至人体带来严重危害。提出一种基于超声波技术的水体污染物降解方法,对超声波空化降解机理进行了分析,从理论上分析超声波声强、超声波频率、反应温度等因素对水体污染物降解效果的影响,降解过程中添加氯化钠粒子能够显著提高水体污染物溶液中的苯酚去除率。研究为超声波技术降解水体污染物试验以及实际应用时选取合适的超声波频率、超声波声强、反应温度等环境提供了可靠的理论依据。     

Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO using a spray dryer absorption (SDA) method combined with O3 oxidation for sintering/pelleting flue gas

Based on the demand of sintering/pelleting flue gas ultra-low emission, a semi-dry method using a spray dryer absorber (SDA) combined with O₃ oxidation was proposed for simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO. Effects of O₃ injection site, O₃/NO molar ratio, and spray tower temperature on the removal efficiencies were investigated. It was revealed that both desulfurization and denitrification efficiencies could reach to 85% under the conditions of setting O₃ injection site inside of tower, O₃/NO molar ratio 1.8, spray tower temperature 85°C, Ca/(S + 2 N) molar ratio 2.5 and slurry flow rate 300 mL/hr. CaSO₃/Ca(OH)₂ mixture slurry was used as absorbent to simulate operating conditions in iron and steel industry. The result shows that the addition of CaSO₃ weakens both removal efficiencies. In addition, the reaction mechanism of simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO using SDA combined with O₃ oxidation was proposed.     

藻华高风险期微囊藻在洱海中的垂直分布特征及其影响因素

大量微囊藻浮力调节及其垂向迁移是形成蓝藻水华的重要机制之一.为研究微囊藻的垂直分布特征及影响因素,以洱海北部湖心为监测点位,采用野外采样室内分析的方法,于2016年9—12月对微囊藻生物量、伪空胞体积、粒径等指标进行了测定.结果表明:9—11月微囊藻生物量逐月增长并于11月达到峰值（1.77 mg/L）,在12月出现下降（月均值为0.34 mg/L）;9月、11月微囊藻伪空胞体积（18.0~22.6 μm3/cell）较高,10月、12月较低（10.2~17.3 μm3/cell）;9—11月微囊藻的垂向迁移速率（5.4~14.5 m/d）、漂浮百分率（57%~96%）及群体粒径（91~305 μm）逐渐增大,12月明显减小.微囊藻生物量、伪空胞体积及群体粒径的垂直分布规律均表现为表层最高,中层次之,底层最低.9—11月,微囊藻在洱海中出现垂直分层现象,伪空胞提供的浮力作用和藻群体粒径作用大于风力扰动作用,促使微囊藻在水柱中主动迁移并聚集在水面;而在12月,风力扰动对微囊藻垂直分布的影响远超过浮力及粒径的作用,微囊藻在水柱中趋于均匀分布.研究显示,藻华高风险期微囊藻在洱海呈弱分层分布,且浮力及群体粒径是影响其垂直分布的主要因子.      

镉、铬复合污染水源水的处理技术研究

重金属引起的给水污染是威胁人体健康的元凶首恶之一,也为传统给水处理工艺提出更大的挑战.本文以强化混凝沉淀的方法处理铬、镉复合污染的水源水,旨在通过优化原工艺应对突发污染.研究表明,针对铬和镉的初始污染浓度分别为0.170 0 mg/L和0.030 0 mg/L的复合污染水源水,采用分段工艺,只需在原水的pH值的条件下,投加混凝剂(FeCl3)20.0 mg/L,混凝剂(PAFC)的投加量为2mg/L,出水即可以达到国家出水标准.处理过程模拟水厂现有工艺,无需新增设备,易于操作.     

京杭运河常州段水质变化趋势及相关性分析

以京杭运河常州段水质监测数据为基础,研究了2010年至2014年近五年的沿线水质变化趋势,并借助SPSS软件对不同水期的高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和总磷的Pearson相关性进行了分析.结果表明:近五年京杭大运河常州段水质状况总体良好,主要污染指标为氨氮和总磷;不同水期水质变化显著,丰水期较枯水期和平水期水质好;高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和总磷显著相关,Pearson分析的显著性在0.01水平上.研究为京杭运河常州段的水质改善提供参考.     

Environmental contamination from electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, southeast China

The disposal, recycling, and part salvaging of discarded electronic devices such as computers, printers, televisions, and toys are now creating a new set of waste problems. This study is aimed at identifying the sources and quantifying the pollution levels generated from electronic waste (e-waste) activities at Guiyu, Guangdong Province, China, and their potential impacts on the environment and human health. The preliminary results indicate that total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil obtained from a printer roller dump site was 593 μg/kg dry weight (dry wt.) and in sediment from a duck pond, the PAH concentration was 514 μg/kg (dry wt.). Sediment from the Lianjiang River was found to be contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (743 μg/kg) at a level approaching three times the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines probable effect level of 277 μg/kg. Total mono- to hepta-brominated diphenyl ether homologue concentrations (1140 and 1169 μg/kg dry wt.) in soils near dumping sites were approximately 10–60 times those reported for other polybrominated diphenyl ether-contaminated locations in the world. In-house study on the open burning of cable wires showed extremely high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans resulting in 12419 ng toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg of waste input and 15 610 ng TEQ/kg for two separate tests, respectively, which were about three orders of magnitude higher than those for the open burning of household waste. High levels of Cu (712, 528, and 496 mg/kg), exceeding the new Dutch list action value, were determined for soil near the printer roller dumping area, sediment from Lianjiang River, and soil from a plastic burn site, respectively. A more thorough study is underway to elucidate the extent of contamination of toxic pollutants in different ecological compartments to establish whether these pollutants are bioaccumulated and biomagnified through food chains. Assessments of human health impacts from oral intake, inhalation, and dermal contact will be subsequently investigated. An erratum to this article is available at.     

Optimization of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04 using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology

Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04,isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules.The most important factors influencing phenol degradation (p<0.05),as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables,were yeast extract,phenol,inoculum size,and temperature.Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors.Central composite design (CCD) and response surfac...