废塑料再生产业园的规划及环境影响评价

论述了我国废塑料再生行业存在的问题和废塑料再生产业园的规划特点。探讨了产业园的合理选址、系统规划布局、同步环境影响评价在废塑料再生产业园建设中的重要性,介绍了环境影响分析和园区清洁生产与循环经济等内容。指出建立废塑料再生产业园,必须通过合理规划布局并及时开展环境影响评价工作,这是保护环境、防控污染的有效措施。     

Isolation and characterization of a newly isolated pyrene-degrading Acinetobacter strain USTB-X

The pryene-degradation bacterium strain USTB-X was newly isolated from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil in Beijing Coking Plant, China. The strain was identified as Acinetobacter with respect to its 16S rDNA and morphological and physiological characteristics. The strain was Gram-negative, non-mobile, non-acid-fast, and non-spore-forming, short rods in young culture and 0.8–1.6 μm in diameter and 1.2–2.5 μm long in the stationary phase of growth. Strain USTB-X could utilize pyrene, naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, ethanol, methanol, and Tween 80 as sole source of carbon and energy. The strain could produce biosurfactants which enhanced the removal of pyrene and could remove 63 % of pyrene with an initial concentration of 100 mg·L^?1 in 16 days without other substrates. Based on the intermediates analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we also deduced the possible metabolic pathway of strain USTB-X for pyrene biodegradation. Results indicated that the strain USTB-X had high potential to enhance the removal of PAHs in contaminated sites.     

Occurrence,profile and possible sources of PCNs in Hong Kong soils,and a comparison with PCBs,PCDDs and PCDFs

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) have been proposed for inclusion in the annexes of the Stockholm Convention by the European Union, signifying a probable increase in monitoring PCN levels at a global level. Investigations on PCN levels in the environment of Hong Kong have not been reported. In this preliminary investigation, PCN levels in surface soils samples were determined by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS techniques, and compared with those of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The concentrations of PCNs in the soil samples were 35–883 pg g^?1 (average, 201; and median, 94 pg g^?1), which were lower than those of PCBs PCDDs and PCDFs. This comparison suggested that PCNs are currently not priority POPs compared with dioxins and PCBs in Hong Kong soils. PCDDs were the most important contributor to the sum of toxic equivalents of PCNs, PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs. OCDD was the most dominant dioxin congener in Hong Kong surface soils. PCB-118 was the most abundant in 12 dl-PCB congeners. PCN congeners indicating thermal related sources (CN52/60, CN66/67 and CN73) were relatively abundant in their respective homologs, which suggested PCN contamination from thermal sources. The ratio of CN73 to CN74 in soil samples suggested the contribution of PCN contaminations in soils from both thermal-related sources and evaporative emissions of technical PCN mixtures.     

支撑气膜法脱除／回收垃圾渗滤液中氨氮

利用由微孔疏水性聚丙烯中空纤维制成的工业级膜组件对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮进行支撑气膜法脱除研究,考察了泡沫分离．石灰絮凝等预处理技术对垃圾渗滤液表面张力及COD值的处理效果,在此基础上研究了物料因素和操作因素对膜传质性能的影响,并对该工艺的长期操作稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明该预处理技术不仅可显著提高垃圾渗滤液的表面张力,还可大大降低其色度和COD值。当进料流量为100L／h、进料氨氮浓度为1000～3000mg／L、硫酸吸收液流量为200L／h、硫酸浓度为6％～10％、温度为20～30℃时,支撑气膜过程（两级膜组件串联）可有效脱除垃圾渗滤液中99％以上的氨氮,同时得到含10％～15％硫酸铵的水溶液作为副产品。工业级支撑气膜组件在连续运行的2个月内保持了良好的传质稳定性。     

Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Water,Sediment, and Fish of the Songhua River,China

This study examined residual concentrations and associated ecological risks of the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) hexa- chlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) in water, sediment, and fish of the Songhua River in Zhaoyuan County, China. In June 2012, 10 water, 10 sediment, and 20 fish samples were collected. Residual concentrations of ΣHCH and ΣDDT ranged from 10.0–35.59 ng L^?1 (mean 28.03 ± 11.66 ng L^?1) and 5.12–39.66 ng L^?1 (mean 32.36 ± 11.58 ng L^?1) for water. Residual concentrations of ΣHCH and ΣDDT ranged from 0.52–3.00 ng g^?1 (mean 2.04 ± 0.73 ng g^?1) and 0.34–3.41 ng g^?1 (mean 2.38 ± 0.92 ng g^?1) for sediment. The ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH were close to 1 at the majority of sampling points, indicating considerable new pollution from the use of lindane. The ratios of p,p′-DDE + p,p′-DDD/ΣDDT were less than 0.5, indicating recent inputs from DDT impurities in dicofol. All HCH and DDT isomers except for p,p′-DDD were detected in fish tissue samples, but the associated ecological risks were estimated to be below levels of concern. The study revealed a historical usage of OCPs in the Zhaoyuan section of the Songhua River and new OCP from the use of lindane and dicofol.     

不同再生工艺对活性炭吸附性能的影响分析

吸附法油气回收技术中,吸附剂的再生是一个难点和研究重点。微波加热作为一种新的再生技术,受到人们日益的重视。实验利用比表面积及孔隙分析仪测定了经多次微波真空,加热真空和加热再生后的活性炭的表面结构变化,通过对比分析,探讨了3种工艺多次再生活性炭对活性炭表面结构的影响。结果表明,3种工艺均对活性炭结构都有所破坏,但微波真空再生对活性炭比表面积和孔容破坏最小,净吸附容量最大,从效率及能耗上都比较好。     

Ceramic tiles with black pigment made from stainless steel plant dust: Physical properties and long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals

Stainless steel plant dust is a hazardous by-product of the stainless steelmaking industry. It contains large amounts of Fe, Cr, and Ni, and can be potentially recycled as a raw material of inorganic black pigment in the ceramic industry to reduce environmental contamination and produce value-added products. In this paper, ceramic tiles prepared with black pigment through recycling of stainless steel plant dust were characterized in terms of physical properties, such as bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity, and volume shrinkage ratio, as well as the long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Zn). The results show that good physical properties of ceramic tiles can be obtained with 8% pigments addition, sample preparation pressure of 25 MPa, and sintering at 1200 ºC for 30 min. The major controlling leaching mechanism for Cr and Pb from the ceramic tiles is initial surface wash-off, while the leaching behavior of Cd, Ni, and Zn from the stabilized product is mainly controlled by matrix diffusion. The reutilization process is safe and effective to immobilize the heavy metals in the stainless steel plant dust.

Implications: Stainless steel plant dust is considered as a hazardous material, and it can be potentially recycled for black pigment preparation in the ceramic industry. This paper provides the characteristics of the ceramic tiles with black pigment through recycling stainless steel plant dust, and the long-term leaching behavior and controlling leaching mechanisms of heavy metals from the ceramic tile. The effectiveness of the treatment process is also evaluated.     

Integrated action planning for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of highland aquatic resources: evaluating outcomes for the Beijiang River,China

The need for enhanced environmental planning and management for highland aquatic resources is described and a rationale for integrated action planning is presented. Past action planning initiatives for biodiversity conservation and wetland management are reviewed. A reflective account is given of integrated action planning from five sites in China, India and Vietnam. Eight planning phases are described encompassing: stakeholder assessment and partner selection; rapport building and agreement on collaboration; integrated biodiversity, ecosystem services, livelihoods and policy assessment; problem analysis and target setting; strategic planning; planning and organisation of activities; coordinated implementation and monitoring; evaluation and revised target setting. The scope and targeting of actions are evaluated using the Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses framework and compatibility with biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development objectives are assessed. Criteria to evaluate the quality of planning processes are proposed. Principles for integrated action planning elaborated here should enable stakeholders to formulate plans to reconcile biodiversity conservation with the wise use of wetlands.     

运动对2,3,7,8-TCDD持续染毒大鼠肝脏LXRa蛋白、ACC1、FAS、SCD1 mRNA表达的影响

研究运动对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(2,3,7,8-TCDD)持续染毒大鼠肝脏脂质合成代谢关键酶乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1(ACC1)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)m RNA及转录因子肝X受体a(LXRa)蛋白表达的影响,探讨环境污染物引发代谢性疾病的发病机制,为运动锻炼防控环境健康风险提供理论支持。将24只8周龄雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(C组)、染毒组(T组)、运动染毒组(ET组)。T、ET组腹腔注射首剂量6.4μg·kg-1(以单位体重计)的2,3,7,8-TCDD,之后每隔1周给予上述剂量的21%持续染毒,连续7周。ET组尾部负重(5%体重)进行游泳运动,每周5 d,每次30 min。8周后处死动物,计算肝脏相对重量,检测肝脏甘油三酯(TG)含量,实时荧光定量PCR检测肝脏ACC1、FAS、SCD1 m RNA表达,免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测肝脏LXRa蛋白表达。结果显示8周2,3,7,8-TCDD持续染毒可显著增加肝脏脂质合成代谢关键酶ACC1、FAS、SCD1 m RNA及转录因子LXRa蛋白表达,8周游泳运动可显著降低染毒大鼠ACC1、FAS、SCD1 m RNA及LXRa蛋白表达。上述结果表明2,3,7,8-TCDD可以引起大鼠肝脏LXRa蛋白表达增高,进而LXRa通过调控靶基因ACC1、FAS、SCD1 m RNA的表达,造成脂质代谢紊乱,肝脏甘油三酯沉积,而有氧运动降低了肝脏中脂质的沉积,提示运动干预可以改善二噁英类污染物造成的肝脏脂质代谢紊乱。     

双齿围沙蚕对芘的生物可利用性研究

为近海岸沉积质中PAHs的生态风险评价及其污染生境的修复提供理论依据,以双齿围沙蚕为研究对象,以芘为暴露污染物,开展双齿围沙蚕对芘的生物可利用性研究,分别考察了芘对双齿围沙蚕抗氧化酶活性的影响以及芘在双齿围沙蚕体内的生物富集特征。结果表明,双齿围沙蚕SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性均随诱导时间的增加而升高,且SOD活性随芘浓度的增加出现显著性抑制,CAT和GSH-PX活性则随芘浓度的增加出现显著性升高。芘在双齿围沙蚕体内的生物富集特征如下:双齿围沙蚕体内芘的蓄积量随暴露浓度的增加而增加,各处理组双齿围沙蚕体内芘的蓄积量随时间的变化均呈类凸形的二次曲线关系,在第10天达到蓄积的最大值,最大蓄积量依次为(6.18±0.62)mg·kg~(-1)、(12.37±1.23)mg·kg~(-1)和(24.76±1.51)mg·kg~(-1)。生物富集系数BCF随芘浓度的增加而减小,分别为0.0692、0.0684和0.0674。上述研究结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,双齿围沙蚕抗氧化酶活性对芘的暴露具有很好的指示作用;此外,在短期内,双齿围沙蚕对芘具有明显的富集效应。