有机磷农药降解方法及应用研究新进展

现代农业的发展和有机磷农药的使用密切相关,所造成的严重的农产品和环境污染是农业发展有待解决的关键问题之一。介绍了超声波技术、吸附、洗涤和辐照等物理方法,微生物、降解酶和工程菌等生物方法,水解、氧化分解和光化学降解等化学方法对有机磷农药的降解作用及其相关的应用研究。     

浅谈地下水净化厂除铁除锰试验及应用

通过对齐齐哈尔市自来水公司铁锋水厂除铁、锰工艺的分析,得出曝气接触氧化除铁、锰是一种好方法.     

北京市污水处理厂污泥应用于园林绿化的可行性分析

目前北京市的污泥产量逐步增长,将其堆肥化处理后,施加到园林绿化项目中去,可有效解决污泥出路和园林绿化所需有机肥的问题。从北京市污泥产量,园林绿化面积,堆肥化处理技术和经济效益可行性方面进行了论述,分析结果表明,北京市的园林绿化面积完全可以消纳产生的污泥,并且具有较高的经济效益,实现了生态效益和经济效益的有机统一。     

含丙烯腈废水处理技术发展现状与试验研究

含丙烯腈废水危害大、难降解,而用生化法对该类废水进行预处理的难点在于工艺的选择。文章较系统地概述了含丙烯腈废水处理技术的发展现状,并重点研究了“水解酸化＋SBR工艺＋生物滤池技术”处理工艺的反应器启动阶段。研究结果表明：1．水解酸化工艺可用于含丙烯腈废水的处理;2．SBR反应器处理效果良好,COD的平均去除率在70％以上,而且对进水水质的变化适应性较强;3．生物滤池技术应用于废水处理可显著提高COD的去除率。上述研究成果为下一步进行水解酸化＋生物滤池技术＋SBR处理工艺的效果试验奠定了基础。     

领结图分析法在组织变更中的应用

介绍了领结图分析方法的分析过程及在组织变更中的应用。应用于组织变更过程时,识别变更带来的风险及需要制定的控制措施,并结合检查和差距分析手段,确定组织的关键安全岗位,以保障组织的安全管理水平不会因变更的原因而降低。     

Degradation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) by Stenotrophomonas sp. YCJ1 isolated from farmland soil

In recent years, poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) has been widely used. However, PBAT-degrading bacteria have rarely been reported. PBAT-degrading bacteria were isolated from farmland soil and identified. The effects of growth factors on the degradation of PBAT and the lipase activity of PBAT-degrading bacteria were assessed. The degradation mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that Stenotrophomonas sp. YCJ1 had a significant degrading effect on PBAT. Under certain conditions, the strain could secrete 10.53 U/mL of lipase activity and degrade 10.14 wt.% of PBAT films. The strain secreted lipase to catalyze the degradation of the ester bonds in PBAT, resulting in the production of degradation products such as terephthalic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and adipic acid. Furthermore, the degradation products could participate in the metabolism of YCJ1 as carbon sources to facilitate complete degradation of PBAT, indicating that the strain has potential value for the bioremediation of PBAT in the environment.     

粉煤灰在改良土壤中的应用研究

摘要：粉煤灰的颗粒组成以微细的玻璃体为主,其颗粒组成决定了粉煤灰可用作土壤改良剂。但由于单一废弃物的营养元素常不平衡或物理性质不够理想,单独用于土壤中容易造成一些负面影响,故采用粉煤灰和有机固体废弃物配施,为植物生长提供更充分的营养物质和能量。     

浅谈环境污染中的计算机电磁辐射

计算机已经成为人们日常工作、生活所必不可少的重要工具.然而计算机在运行时,发出的电磁波不利于人体健康.如何防止和降低计算机的电磁辐射是计算机用户应该关注的重要问题.     

Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.     

1985—2015年洛川塬土地利用/覆被变化及人类活动影响——以陕西省洛川县为例

洛川塬是黄土高原第二大黄土塬面,也是黄土高原面积最大的苹果种植区。近几十年来,由于塬面高强度人类活动影响,洛川塬沟道侵蚀剧烈,塬面萎缩呈现逐年加剧的趋势,严重影响了塬区的生产、生活和生态安全。因此,清晰了解近几十年来洛川塬土地利用/覆被变化及人类活动影响,对于洛川塬的保护和水土流失治理至关重要。本文使用遥感、地理信息系统和数学方法,以洛川塬主体洛川县为例,对洛川县1985年、2000年和2015年的土地利用数据进行了解译,分别从土地利用变化速度、转移方向和土地利用程度三方面综合分析了洛川县近30 a土地利用时空变化的规律及人类活动影响。研究结果表明：(1)1985—2015年洛川县主要的土地利用类型为林地、草地和耕地,三者面积占比达91.29%;近30 a土地利用变化最大的特点为建设用地面积持续增加且增幅最大,共增加了117.16 km²,年均增加5.11%,其中1985—2000年建设用地面积增加了38.13 km²,2000—2015年增加了79.03 km²,建设用地面积的增加主要由耕地转入;(2)近30 a人类活...