自养反硝化菌对硝酸盐氮去除动力学及影响因素研究

为更经济有效地去除污水中的硝酸盐,从兼性污泥中分离获得6株能氧化单质硫和还原硝酸盐的自养反硝化菌。根据各菌株的降解曲线筛选出优势菌种N-I,并研究影响菌株N-I降解性能的环境因素,如pH、温度、碳源及硝酸盐的降解动力学。实验表明,菌株N-I对硝酸盐的降解符合一级反应动力学方程,反应的半衰期t_1/2为1.42 h,反应速率常数为0.488 h^-1。最佳反应pH=7,最佳反应温度为30℃,最佳NaHCO₃浓度为大于或等于2.5 g/L。     

Uptake of radionuclides and stable elements from paddy soil to rice: a review

The critical paths for radionuclides and the critical foods in Asian countries differ from those in Western countries because agricultural products and diets are different. Consequently, safety assessments for Asian countries must consider rice as a critical food. As most rice is produced under flooded conditions, the uptake of radionuclides by rice is affected by soil conditions. In this report, we summarize radionuclide and stable element soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) for rice. Field observation results for fallout ¹³⁷Cs and stable Cs TFs indicated that while fallout ¹³⁷Cs had higher TF than stable Cs over several decades, the GM (geometric mean) values were similar with the GM of TF value for ¹³⁷Cs being 3.6 × 10⁻³ and that for stable Cs being 2.5 × 10⁻³. Although there are some limitations to the use of TF for stable elements under some circumstances, these values can be used to evaluate long-term transfer of long-lived radionuclides in the environment. The compiled data showed that TF values were higher in brown rice than in white rice because distribution patterns for elements were different in the bran and white parts of rice grains.     

Atmospheric mercury emission from artisanal mercury mining in Guizhou Province,Southwestern China

Mercury (Hg) mining is an important anthropogenic source of atmospheric Hg emissions. The Guizhou Province in Southwestern China is a region with extensive artisanal mercury mining (AMM), but little Hg emission data from this area is available. Using a mass balance method, we estimated emission factors from artisanal mercury mining in Wuchuan mercury mining area (WMMA) and Gouxi area (GX). Average emission factors were 18.2% in WMMA (ranging from 6.9% to 32.1%) and 9.8% in GX (ranging from 6.6% to 14.5%), respectively, which were 2.2–36.4 times higher than the literature values used to estimate Hg emission from Hg mining. Furthermore, the average Hg emission factor of AMM in WMMA was much higher than that in GX, indicating that double condensation processes practiced in GX resulted in higher recoveries and lower emission factors compared to single condensation process applied in WMMA. Atmospheric Hg emission was estimated to be 3.7–9.6 metric tons in 2004 for WMMA and 1.3–2.7 metric tons in 2006 for GX, indicating artisanal Hg mining was an important atmospheric Hg emission source in the study area.     

废弃印刷线路板资源化处理的研究进展

介绍了当前废弃印刷线路板资源化处理的主要方法,包括湿法、火法、机械法、生物法、超临界流体法和等离子体熔炼法等。综述了各种处理方法的侧重点及利弊;提出热解法与机械法联用可较好地解决在破碎过程中所遇到的问题,具有较大优势,可作为未来大量废弃印刷线路板资源化处理工艺研究的重点。     

油田废水处理微生物制剂质量的检测

通过不同批次制剂样品对采油废水的CODCr去除率和石油烃降解效果的检测实验,提出了以维多利亚蓝BI来检测油田废水微生物制剂质量的检测方法。实验表明:此方法有效、简便、快速,适用于有关油田废水微生物制剂质量的检测。     

建立和完善四川资源储备制度

从自然资源和资源市场的角度提出资源储备的新概念,论述资源储备的内容及其意义,并在此基础上,探讨了建立四川资源储备制度的措施和方法。     

改性的膨润土或沸石在废水处理中的应用展望

本文扼要介绍了改性的膨润土或沸石在废水处理中的应用及其吸附水中污染物的性能、机理和规律,指出了今后的研究工作中需要解决的问题,展望了它们在污水处理中的应用前景.     

自然生态恢复过程中尾矿废弃地土壤微生物变化

尾矿废弃地是一种人为的裸地,其自然生态恢复过程表现为典型的生态系统原生演替过程.尾矿废弃地自然生态恢复过程为人们了解生态系统发展过程中土壤微生物群落的变化提供了一个良好的机遇.该研究以2处(即,铜陵杨山冲尾矿废弃地和铜官山新尾矿废弃地)不同时期弃置的、处于3个演替阶段(原生裸地阶段、隐花植物结皮阶段和草本维管植物群落阶段)的铜尾矿废弃地为研究对象,利用传统培养法(稀释平板法)和分子生物学法(净DNA含量法)相结合的手段对土壤微生物量和土壤微生物群落结构变化及其影响因素进行了调查.数据分析表明:随着尾矿废弃地上植物群落的形成和发展,尾矿废弃地水分含量增加、pH降低、土壤有机质和总氮质量分数提高;土壤微生物数量逐渐增加,维管植物群落下的尾矿废弃地中土壤微生物数量明显高于处于演替初期阶段的隐花植物结皮,高于裸地;不同演替阶段尾矿废弃地中土壤微生物群落结构表现为细菌(60.68﹪～97.45﹪)>放线菌(2.50﹪～39.13﹪)>真菌(0.05﹪～0.82﹪);相关分析发现,尾矿废弃地土壤微生物量变化与基质的含水量、总氮和有机质质量分数呈正相关,而与pH变化呈负相关.研究结果表明,在尾矿废弃地自然生态恢复过程中,伴随着植物群落形成、发展和基质理化性质的逐步改善,尾矿中土壤微生物也逐步恢复.