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261.
262.
H. Vandenhove G. Olyslaegers N. Sanzharova O. Shubina E. Reed Z. Shang H. Velasco 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
There is increasing interest in radiological assessment of discharges of naturally occurring radionuclides into the terrestrial environment. Such assessments require parameter values for the pathways considered in predictive models. An important pathway for human exposure is via ingestion of food crops and animal products. One of the key parameters in environmental assessment is therefore the soil-to-plant transfer factor to food and fodder crops. The objective of this study was to compile data, based on an extensive literature survey, concerning soil-to-plant transfer factors for uranium, thorium, radium, lead, and polonium. Transfer factor estimates were presented for major crop groups (Cereals, Leafy vegetables, Non-leafy vegetables, Root crops, Tubers, Fruits, Herbs, Pastures/grasses, Fodder), and also for some compartments within crop groups. Transfer factors were also calculated per soil group, as defined by their texture and organic matter content (Sand, Loam, Clay and Organic), and evaluation of transfer factors' dependency on specific soil characteristics was performed following regression analysis. The derived estimates were compared with estimates currently in use. 相似文献
263.
Youguo Gong Min Hu Yafang Cheng Hang Su Dingli Yue Feng Liu A. Wiedensohler Zhibin Wang H. Kalesse Shang Liu Zhijun Wu Kaitao Xiao Puchun Mi Yuanhang Zhang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(27):3278-3285
The coagulation sink and its role in new particle formation are investigated based on data obtained during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign at Xinken of Pearl River Delta, China. Analysis of size distributions and mode contributions of the coagulation sink show that the observed higher load of accumulation mode particles impose a significant effect on the coagulation sink and result in higher coagulation sinks at Xinken despite of the lower total particle number compared with other areas. Hence it is concluded that the higher coagulation sink may depress the occurrence frequency of new particle formation events. The strategies targeting at controlling accumulation mode particles may have influences on the frequency of new particle formation events at this area. The factors affecting the coagulation sink are evaluated. The relatively lower ambient relative humidities may weaken the coagulation sink and facilitate the occurrence of new particle formation events during noontime, while the surmise of nucleation and growth involving organic matter may imply an actually higher coagulation sink than expected. These factors have a significant influence on the ultimate fate of the newly formed nuclei and new particle formation. A comparison of event and non-event days indicates that the coagulation sink is not the only decisive factor affecting new particle formation, other factors including the precursor vapors and photochemical activity are none the less important either. Competition of coagulation sink and high source rate leads to the occurrence of new particle formation events at Xinken. 相似文献
264.
The Horqin sandy rangeland of northern China is a seriously desertified region with a fragile ecology. The sandy alluvial and aeolian sediments have a coarse texture and loose structure and are therefore vulnerable to damage caused by grazing animals and wind erosion. We investigated whether grazing exclusion could enhance ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage and thereby improve overall soil quality. We compared soil properties, C and N storage in biomass (aboveground and below-ground), and the total and light fraction soil organic matter between adjacent areas with continuous grazing and a 12-year grazing exclosure. The soil silt?+?clay content, organic C, total Kjeldahl N, available N and K, and cation-exchange capacity were significantly (P?0.05) greater in the exclosure. We found that to a depth of 100?cm, the exclosure plots had greater light fraction C storage (by 267.2?g?m(-2)?=?73.3?%), light fraction N storage (by 16.6?g?m(-2)?=?105.7?%), total soil C storage (by 1174.4?g?m(-2)?=?43.9?%), and total N storage (by 91.1?g?m(-2)?=?31.3?%). Biomass C and N storage were also 205.0 and 8.0?g?m(-2) greater (154.8 and 181.8?%, respectively). The increase was greatest in the light fraction organic matter and biomass and decreased with increasing depth in the soil. The results suggest that light fraction C and N respond more rapidly than total soil C and N to grazing exclusion and that vegetation recovers faster than soil. Our results confirmed that the degraded sandy rangeland is recovering and sequestering C after the removal of grazing pressure. 相似文献
265.
为脱除鸡粪中的臭味,从黑土中分离并鉴定了一株脱氨除臭菌株并研究其特性.通过生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析对分离到的菌株进行鉴定,并研究了菌株的生长特性以及硝化与异养硝化能力.结果表明,菌株QDTN-34属于霍氏肠杆菌属(Enterobacter hormaechei),QDTN-34菌株的最适生长温度在27℃左右,最适生长pH为8,生长最佳C/N为25∶1;QDTN-34菌株在培养基内培养3d时,对氨氮的去除率高达到64.75%,对硝氮的去除率高达到71.00%.在鸡粪除臭过程中,在C/N为25∶1的鸡粪中最佳接种量为5.0%,在鸡粪中培养9d时,菌数可达到(2.5 ~2.6)×108cfu/mL,其对氨氮和硝氮的去除率分别达到59.90%和67.71%.总之,QDTN-34菌株的生物特性稳定,环境的适应能力强,脱氨除臭能力佳,具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
266.
267.
采用溶剂热合成法制备了一种新型的汉沙黄/TiO2复合物光催化剂,利用多种手段SEM、XRD、FT-IR对催化剂的样品形貌、结构进行表征。分别以罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、中性红为目标降解物,考察了可见光下溶液pH值对催化剂的吸附性能和催化活性的影响。结果表明,敏化后的TiO2对光的响应由紫外区扩展到可见区,催化活性优于纯TiO2,对上述3种染料的吸附率分别为19.2%、29.2%和43.2%,降解率分别为98.6%、92.5%和97.8%。制备的汉沙黄/TiO2光催化剂稳定性好,重复使用率高,在印染废水处理中具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
268.
269.
PM_(2.5)普遍被认为是导致霾形成的主要污染物之一.利用2016年11~12月在太原市人工降雨防雹办公室观测获得的气溶胶数谱资料、小店区气象站提供的气象要素资料以及小店区环境监测站提供的PM质量浓度资料,探讨了PM_(2.5)影响霾污染的关键尺度谱特征.结果表明,观测期间霾污染频发,且程度严重,重度霾占25.35%.相对湿度高于80%、风速小于1.5 m·s~(-1)是霾频繁发生的有利条件,特别是重霾;中度霾和轻度霾在相对湿度40%~80%、风速小于1.5 m·s~(-1)时也会频繁发生;轻微霾主要发生在相对湿度20%~40%,风速为1.25~2.55 m·s~(-1)时.霾天PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为209.45μg·m~(-3),是非霾天气的3倍,且随着霾等级增加,PM_(2.5)质量浓度和PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)比值不断增加.低湿环境下PM_1是影响霾的关键粒子;高湿环境下PM_(0.5)是影响轻微霾、轻度霾和中度霾的关键粒子,而影响重度霾的关键粒子则是PM_1.高湿环境下表面积浓度对能见度的贡献率下降,但是气溶胶吸湿增长增大了粒子尺度,导致消光效率因子增大,从而弥补了表面积浓度的不足;粒子尺度参数的增加是高湿时PM_(2.5)影响霾污染的重要因素. 相似文献
270.
大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法在聚酯废气组成分析中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用直接进样大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法,可同时测定聚酯废气中乙烯、乙醛、乙酸、2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、三聚乙醛等污染物含量。进样量为1mL时,方法对乙烯、乙醛、乙酸、2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、三聚乙醛的最低检出浓度分别为1.0mg/m^3,2.3mg/m^3,7.3mg/m^3,2.7mg/m^3,3.3mg/m^3,回标回收率为92.0%-97.9%,相对标准偏差为1.8%-2.9%。对某煤厂聚酯废气进行实测,取得了较为满意的结果。 相似文献