信息素调控质粒介导的粪肠球菌耐药基因接合转移机制研究进展

粪肠球菌是一种在自然环境中广泛存在的革兰氏阳性细菌.由于其特殊的耐药机制及高频率的耐药基因转移方式,导致了环境中耐药粪肠球菌的广泛传播,生态安全形势严峻.其中,信息素应答质粒介导的粪肠球菌耐药基因的接合转移是造成粪肠球菌耐药基因快速扩散的重要方式.本文回顾了近些年关于信息素应答质粒接合转移的研究成果,分析总结了接合转移的必要条件、正负调控信息素对接合转移的调节作用,并以携带四环素抗性的质粒pCF10为例简要探讨了接合转移相关基因、蛋白的调控机制,旨在更加全面地揭示粪肠球菌的耐药基因传播机制,为耐药细菌的基因转移机制研究提供参考.     

The influence of gas storage parameters on gas emission rate from borehole

Gas emission rate from borehole is one of the most important indexes for the coal and gas outburst prediction. The mathematical model of gas flow in the coal seam, gas flow into the measuring chamber, gas pressure change in the measuring chamber, and gas flow out of the chamber through the pipe is established. Gas migration in the coal seam, gas pressure in borehole chamber and gas flow in pipe is simulated using the finite difference method. Gas emission rate is obtained under dynamic boundary conditions. The influence of gas storage parameters on gas emission rate from borehole is analyzed. Results show that: the gas pressure and the permeability coefficient have great impacts on the value of gas flow quantity in borehole. The larger the original gas pressure of coal seam and the permeability coefficient of coal seam are, the greater the maximum value of gas emission rate form borehole and the later the maximum appears.     

重金属暴露铜锈环棱螺全组织均一化cDNA文库构建及表达序列标签特征分析

构建cDNA文库是寻找生物新功能基因的有效手段.采用SM ART技术构建了重金属铜和镉暴露铜锈环棱螺全组织均一化cDNA文库,文库库容为1.78×106克隆,重组率大于99%.从初始文库中随机挑取6000个克隆进行测序,获得5 473个高质量表达序列标签(ESTs)序列.经聚类分析得到3 961个Unigene(平均长...     

框架柱抗震抗火设计因素分析

在介绍地震火灾危害基础上,分析了钢筋混凝土框架柱地震与火灾引起的破坏形式,论述了同时考虑抗震与抗火的钢筋混凝土框架柱相悖与相符的设计因素及其依据,给出了相悖设计因素的弥补方法。相关结论对需要同时考虑抗震与抗火的钢筋混凝土框架柱的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

贵州省县级市创建环境保护模范城市的思考

简要介绍了全国县级市"创模"的概况,结合贵州省4个"创模"县级市的实际情况,从指标考核范围、指标考核标准、城市发展战略、环保基础设施等方面,分析了贵州省县级市创模的优势与压力。     

柴达木盆地达布逊盐湖微生物多样性研究

本研究采用高通量测序与传统培养技术相结合的方式研究达布逊湖微生物的多样性。结果显示,达布逊盐湖中的细菌多样性与丰度远高于古菌。高通量测序所得的16SrRNA基因序列分别归属广古菌门(Euryarchaeota),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)。广古菌门序列占原核微生物(细菌与古菌之和)的5.5%,以嗜盐的盐杆菌科(Halobacteriaceae)为主,而属于放线菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和疣微菌门的细菌序列分别占原核微生物的53.0%、25.8%、14.1%和1.6%。定量PCR结果显示,达布逊盐湖水体中的细菌和古菌16S rRNA基因丰度分别为3.27×107和4.35×104拷贝/毫升。培养分离获得的纯细菌菌株分别属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。古菌菌株则分别属于盐杆菌科的盐盒菌属(Haloarcula)、盐红菌属(Halorubrum)和盐棍菌属(Halorhabdus)。本研究为青藏高原盐湖微生物资源的开发和利用提供了有利的数据支持。     

大型基坑复合土钉支护结构的数值模拟与分析

随着城市发展和建设,大型深基坑工程越来越多,受场地空间限制,在基坑设计与施工过程中,支护结构内力的变化、基坑周围地层的沉降以及周围环境的影响已成为评价基坑稳定的关键因素.本文基于FLAC3D软件,以邯郸天琴大厦深基坑工程为例,对该基坑复合钉支护结构进行了数值模拟,研究了复合土钉支护下边坡的变形与沉降、基坑开挖时塑性区的分布以及支护构件的力学特性变化规律.结果表明:土体的沉降影响范围和水平位移都与基坑开挖深度成一定的比例关系;通过基坑复合土钉支护结构的轴力与剪切变化特征分析,可推算出失稳区域的发生位置与形状.将数值模拟结果与实际监测数据进行对比分析,从而验证了模拟结果的可靠性,对基坑工程的设计与施工具有重要的参考价值.     

DBP formation from degradation of DEET and ibuprofen by UV/chlorine process and subsequent post-chlorination

The formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs) from the degradation of N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzoyl amide(DEET) and ibuprofen(IBP) by the ultraviolet irradiation(UV)/chlorine process and subsequent post-chlorination was investigated and compared with the UV/H_2O_2 process.The pseudo first-order rate constants of the degradation of DEET and IBP by the UV/chlorine process were 2 and 3.1 times higher than those by the UV/H_2O_2 process, respectively, under the tested conditions. This was due to the significant contributions of both reactive chlorine species U(RCS) and hydroxyl radicals(HO) in the UV/chlorine process. Trichloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanone and dichloroacetic acid were the major known DBPs formed after 90% of both DEET and IBP that were degraded by the UV/chlorine process. Their yields increased by over 50%after subsequent 1-day post-chlorination. The detected DBPs after the degradation of DEET and IBP comprised 13.5% and 19.8% of total organic chlorine(TOCl), respectively, and the proportions increased to 19.8% and 33.9% after subsequent chlorination, respectively. In comparison to the UV/H_2O_2 process accompanied with post-chlorination, the formation of DBPs and TOCl in the UV/chlorine process together with post-chlorination was 5%–63% higher,Ulikely due to the generation of more DBP precursors from the attack of RCS, in addition to HO.     

What have we known so far for fluorescence staining and quantification of microplastics: A tutorial review

• Fluorescence staining provides a fast and easy method to quantify microplastics. • Factors that influence staining are summarized to obtain an optimum staining effect. • Natural organic matter can be stained by dye and interfere with quantification. • Fluorescence staining is applied in both field and laboratory studies. • Future work involves developing new dyes and automated image-analysis methods. Understanding the fate and toxicity of microplastics (MPs,<5 mm plastic particles) is limited by quantification methods. This paper summarizes the methods in use and presents new ones. First, sampling and pretreatment processes of MPs, including sample collection, digestion, density separation, and quality control are reviewed. Then the promising and convenient staining procedures and quantification methods for MPs using fluorescence dyes are reviewed. The factors that influence the staining of MPs, including their physicochemical properties, are summarized to provide an optimal operation procedure. In general, the digestion step is crucial to eliminate natural organic matter (NOM) to avoid interference in quantification. Chloroform was reported to be the most appropriate solvent, and 10–20 μg/mL are recommended as optimal dye concentrations. In addition, a heating and cooling procedure is recommended to maintain the fluorescence intensity of MPs for two months. After staining, a fluorescence microscope is usually used to characterize the morphology, mass, or number of MPs, but compositional analysis cannot be determined with it. These fluorescence staining methods have been implemented to study MP abundance, transport, and toxicity and have been combined with other chemical characterization techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. More studies are needed to focus on the synthesis of novel dyes to avoid NOM’s interference. They need to be combined with other spectroscopic techniques to characterize plastic composition and to develop image-analysis methods. The stability of stained MPs needs to be improved.     

Climate change drives NDVI variations at multiple spatiotemporal levels rather than human disturbance in Northwest China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Changes in land management and climate alter vegetation dynamics; however, the factors driving vegetation changes remain elusive at multiple...