林水复合生态系统干湿沉降离子组成及来源分析

为研究北京市林水复合生态系统干湿沉降水溶性离子化学组分特征及来源,本实验在北京奥林匹克森林公园收集四季干沉降样品,并于采样地收集植物叶片进行室内湿沉降实验,测定了干沉降10种离子和湿沉降9种离子的含量.本实验对干沉降和湿沉降中水溶性离子的浓度进行了量化对比,并分别分析了干湿沉降的主要来源.结果 表明,于湿沉降在离子组分...     

锰污染土壤对超富集植物木荷生长及生理的影响

采用土培的方法,以广西桂林市未受污染土壤(CK)为对照,研究了贺州市某锰矿区的未开采区(U)、探矿区(P)、恢复区(R)、采矿区(M)土壤和尾砂(W)对锰超富集植物木荷(Schima superba)的生长、锰的吸收及生理的影响。结果表明,从CK~W处理,木荷根茎叶中Mn含量依次增加,木荷的株高和株重随锰处理浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,表明一定浓度的锰能促进木荷的生长,增加木荷的生物量。植株Mn含量的增加引起了木荷生理特征的变化,显著增加了叶片中硝酸还原酶(NR)及氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)的活性(P0.05),降低了叶片中铵态氮的累积(P0.05),抑制了谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)的活性(P0.05),在R和M处理时NR、GDH活性最高,分别为对照的2.15和1.34倍,在W处理时GS、GOGAT分别比对照降低了66.1%、43.1%;硝态氮在U处理时达到最大值,从U-W处理呈下降的变化趋势。Mn处理同时还引起了木荷叶片中渗透调节物质的变化,随着Mn处理浓度的增加,游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和还原性糖含量均有不同程度的增加,苹果酸含量则呈先上升后下降的趋势,表明为了适应锰胁迫,木荷可通过改变渗透调节物质的含量来维持体内的渗透压和正常生理功能。     

油区盐碱土的治理研究

新疆油田公司油区地表土壤多为盐碱土。企业结合自身实际生产,采取多种措施,先后进行了油区绿化和清洁生产,并种植红柳,拉运戈壁土进行铺垫,提高员工环保意识。经过治理,站区内外扬尘明显减少,油区浮土明显减弱。2008年底企业通过油田公司的考核验收。     

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by catalysts derived from water treatment plant sludge for the simultaneous removal of Disperse Blue 56 and phosphates

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, calcined water treatment plant sludge (C-WTPS) was used as a catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to simultaneously remove...     

Recycling of non-metallic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review

The world’s waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) consumption has increased incredibly in recent decades, which have drawn much attention from the public. However, the major economic driving force for recycling of WEEE is the value of the metallic fractions (MFs). The non-metallic fractions (NMFs), which take up a large proportion of E-wastes, were treated by incineration or landfill in the past. NMFs from WEEE contain heavy metals, brominated flame retardant (BFRs) and other toxic and hazardous substances. Combustion as well as landfill may cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, research on resource reutilization and safe disposal of the NMFs from WEEE has a great significance from the viewpoint of environmental protection. Among the enormous variety of NMFs from WEEE, some of them are quite easy to recycle while others are difficult, such as plastics, glass and NMFs from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). In this paper, we mainly focus on the intractable NMFs from WEEE. Methods and technologies of recycling the two types of NMFs from WEEE, plastics, glass are reviewed in this paper. For WEEE plastics, the pyrolysis technology has the lowest energy consumption and the pyrolysis oil could be obtained, but the containing of BFRs makes the pyrolysis recycling process problematic. Supercritical fluids (SCF) and gasification technology have a potentially smaller environmental impact than pyrolysis process, but the energy consumption is higher. With regard to WEEE glass, lead removing is requisite before the reutilization of the cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass, and the recycling of liquid crystal display (LCD) glass is economically viable for the containing of precious metals (indium and tin). However, the environmental assessment of the recycling process is essential and important before the industrialized production stage. For example, noise and dust should be evaluated during the glass cutting process. This study could contribute significantly to understanding the recycling methods of NMFs from WEEE and serve as guidance for the future technology research and development.     

崇明东滩湿地植被类型和沉积特征对土壤碳、氮分布的影响

滨海湿地碳、氮储量的分布可能受盐沼植被和外源沉积物的综合影响.本文以长江口典型滨海湿地为研究对象,分别在崇明东滩湿地北部、中部和南部设置3条样线,根据外源沉积物的区域特征研究了3种主要盐沼植被(芦苇(Phragmites australis)、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)、海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter))和土壤中的有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)的季节变化及空间特征.结果显示,崇明东滩湿地北、中部为淤积型滩涂,南部呈侵蚀态势.盐沼植被中芦苇和互花米草生物量TOC、TN累积量均显著高于海三棱藨草带.北、中样线的相同植被类型中的土壤TOC、TN显著高于南样线.高潮滩的芦苇带土壤TOC储量高于中潮滩的互花米草带,而互花米草带土壤TN储量略高于芦苇带,海三棱藨草带和光滩土壤TOC、TN储量最低.盐沼植被类型显著影响土壤各层次TOC和TN储量的分布,其中,0~10 cm层次储量受植被类型和表层外源沉积物空间特征的交互作用影响.     

TSP,PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> and health risk assessment for heavy metals (Cr,Ni, Cu,Zn, Cd,Pb) in the ambience of the production line for waste cathode ray tube recycling

Recently, a typical semi-automatic recycling line is proved to be a feasible method for resource recovery of raw material of waste CRTs. However, there are no relevant studies about health risk assessment of the particles and heavy metals diffused from this physical recycling process for CRTs. In this study, TSP, PM₁₀ and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the ambience of the workshop have been evaluated. The mean concentrations of TSP and PM₁₀ in the workshop were 481.5 and 316.9 μg/m³, respectively. Meanwhile, it can be seen that Zn (8.1 and 7.9 μg/m³, respectively) was the most enriched metal in TSP and PM₁₀, followed by Pb (3.2 and 3.0 μg/m³, respectively). Health risk assessment showed that the total hazard index was 3.29, exceeding the danger threshold. The health risk of different metals was Cr > Cd > Ni. In short, the research results show that mechanical–physical process for e-waste recycling do exist the pollutant mission. So the effective measures should be taken to reduce the harm of pollutants on the workers’ health.     

Nitrogen reduction using bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC) with biozeolite: A field experiment in a eutrophic river

Bioreactive thin-layer capping (BTC) with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies. Nitrogen (N) reduction using BTC with biozeolite was examined in a field incubation experiment in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. The biozeolite was zeolite with attached bacteria, including two isolated heterotrophic nitrifiers (Bacillus spp.) and two isolated aerobic denitrifiers (Acinetobacter spp.). The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) reduction efficiency of the overlying water by BTC with biozeolite (with thickness of about 2 mm) reached a maximum (56.69%) at day 34, and simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification occurred in the BTC system until day 34. There was a significant difference in the TN concentrations of the overlying water between biozeolite capping and control (t-test; p < 0.05). The biozeolite had very strong in situ bioregeneration ability. Carbon was the main source of nitrifier growth. However, both dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon concentrations affected denitrifier growth. In particular, DO concentrations greater than 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth. Therefore, BTC with biozeolite was found to be a feasible technique to reduce N in a eutrophic river. However, it is necessary to further strengthen the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through changing domestication methods or conditions.     

Characterization and recycling of cadmium from waste nickel–cadmium batteries

A severe threat was posed due to improper and inefficient recycling of waste batteries in China. The present work considered the fundamental aspects of the recycling of cadmium from waste nickel–cadmium batteries by means of vacuum metallurgy separation in scale-up. In the first stage of this work, the characterization of waste nickel–cadmium batteries was carried out. Five types of batteries from different brands and models were selected and their components were characterized in relation to their elemental chemical composition and main phase. In the second stage of this work, the parameters affecting the recycling of cadmium by means of vacuum metallurgy separation were investigated and a L₁₆ (4⁴) orthogonal design was applied to optimize the parameters. With the thermodynamics theory and numerical analysis, it can be seen that the orthogonal design is an effective tool for investigating the parameters affecting the recycling of cadmium. The optimum operating parameters for the recycling of cadmium obtained by orthogonal design and verification test were 1073 K (temperature), 2.5 h (heating time), 2 wt.% (the addition of carbon powder), and 30 mm (the loaded height), respectively, with recycling efficiency approaching 99.98%. The XRD and ICP-AES analyzed results show that the condensed product was characterized as metallic cadmium, and cadmium purity was 99.99% under the optimum condition.     

碳源对反硝化细菌的反硝化速率和群落结构的影响

为探究碳源类型在反硝化过程中对氮素转化和微生物群落组成的影响,分别建立R1（以C₆H₁₂O₆为碳源）和R2（以CH₃COONa为碳源）反应器,通过分析R1和R2反应器中反硝化过程的氮素转化情况,评价C₆H₁₂O₆和CH₃COONa对脱氮效果的影响,并运用动力学模型对R1和R2反应器中反硝化能力进行评价;同时,采用高通量测序技术表征2种碳源对反应器中微生物群落结构和多样性的影响.结果表明:①运行后期的R1、R2反应器中单位生物量的反硝化速率（以NO₃--N计,下同）分别为8.56、11.26 mg/（g·h）,R1反应器中NO₂--N累积平均值为11.34 mg/L,显著高于R2反应器（0.20 mg/L）,且R1反应器中NH₄+-N累积平均值为6.58 mg/L,是R2反应器（0.65 mg/L）的10.11倍.②反应器中NO₃--N还原过程均符合Haldane模型,其中R1、R2反应器中单位生物量的r_max（最大降解速率）分别为35.61、47.79 mg/（g·h）,表明R2反应器中的反硝化能力强于R1反应器.③微生物经过富集后,其细菌多样性和物种丰度下降,但发挥反硝化作用的微生物相对丰度逐渐增加.R1和R2反应器中共同的优势菌门有Proteobacterias、Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes和Gracilibacters,其在R1反应器中的相对丰度依次为96.14%、2.06%、0.66%和0.47%,在R2反应器中依次为79.75%、6.88%、9.47%和2.13%,优势菌门在不同运行时间的丰度表达上存在消长变化状态.研究显示,C₆H₁₂O₆和CH₃COONa在反硝化过程的氮素转化上存在明显差异,对各类优势菌群的相对丰度有明显影响.