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41.
采用酸析—撞击流旋转填料床( IS-RPB)强化Fenton试剂氧化法预处理二硝基甲苯(DNT)生产废水.最佳工艺条件为:酸析工段废水pH 1.0,IS-RPB转速1 500 r/min,FeSO4加入量0.06 mol/L,H2O2加入量0.45mol/L,反应温度40 ℃,反应时间4h.在该条件下处理DNT生产废水,COD去除率可达98.95%,硝基化合物去除率达98.32%,BOD5/COD为 0.65.经该方法预处理后的DNT生产废水可适用于生化法进行后续处理. 相似文献
42.
陕西省自然灾害的减灾对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陕西地质地理条件复杂,自然灾害频繁而严重。本文概括分析了省内自然灾害的主要类型和分布特点,简要回顾了近几十年减灾工作的成绩,在此基础上着重讨论了今后减灾工作的对策和减灾目标。 相似文献
43.
Xiaohua Fu Qingxing Zheng Guomin Jiang Kallol Roy Lei Huang Chang Liu Kun Li Honglei Chen Xinyu Song Jianyu Chen Zhenxing Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(8):98
44.
萘降解菌NAP_A的分离、降解性能和分子系统学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
该文研究降解多环芳烃类环境污染物的微生物资源、降解活性和分子系统特征.利用萘-无机盐选择性培养基分离萘降解菌,用培养技术和气相色谱法检测菌株对底物的利用和降解情况,用分子克隆技术获得菌株的16S rRNA基因并测序,用DNAMAN软件对菌株的16S rRNA基因序列进行比对和系统发育分析.从淄博张店污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离到一株能降解萘的菌株NAP_A.此菌株在30 ~35 ℃和pH 7条件下较快的降解底物萘,其中30 ℃下,10 d内可以将初始质量浓度为320 mg·L-1的萘降解90%± 4.5%.对菌株NAP_A的16S rRNA基因进行了克隆和测序(EU142847),基于菌株NAP_A和相关菌株的16S rRNA基因进行系统发育分析,结果表明菌株NAP_A位于苍白杆菌属的分枝中,其中与假中间苍白杆菌种的同源性最高,可达99%,因此推断NAP_A菌是一株假中间苍白杆菌.此前并无苍白杆菌属成员降解多环芳烃的报道.这是首例苍白杆菌属成员降解多环芳烃的报道,对今后在环境污染防治中开发利用此类细菌具有指导意义. 相似文献
45.
Study on the mechanism of action between dimethyl phthalate and herring sperm DNA at molecular level
Zhenxing Chi Donglin Wang Hong You 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(8):553-557
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a typical phthalic acid ester, is widespread in the environment and causes extensive concern due to its adverse effects on human health. To understand the genotoxicity of DMP at molecular level, the toxic interaction of DMP with herring sperm (hs) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; hs-DNA) was investigated in vitro under simulated physiological conditions using multi-spectroscopic techniques and a molecular modeling method. The results of Ultraviolet-Visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectra indicated that DMP interacts with hs-DNA in a groove-binding mode that changes the double helical structure of DNA. The binding constant and the number of binding sites calculated from the fluorescence quenching data were 565.718 L mol?1 and 0.7872, respectively. A molecular modeling study revealed that DMP tends to bind with DNA in the A-T-rich regions of minor groove and that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces play main roles in the interaction. This research can help to elucidate the mechanism of DMP toxicity in vivo. 相似文献
46.
Tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) are the most common members of the widely used veterinary drug tetracyclines, the residue of which in the environment can enter human body, being potentially harmful. Lysozyme is a monomeric protein widely distributed in the nature including human beings, having many physiological and pharmaceutical functions. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of lysozyme with the three tetracyclines (TC, CTC and OTC) through spectroscopic and molecular modeling methods. The experimental results revealed that all the three tetracyclines (TCs) can interact with lysozyme with one binding site to form TCs-lysozyme complex, mainly through electrostatic forces with the affinity order: CTC > TC > OTC. The binding of TCs can cause conformational and some microenvironmental changes of lysozyme. Furthermore, molecular docking was applied to define the specific binding sites, the results of which show that all the three TCs can bind into lysozyme cleft and interact with the key active-site residues Glu 35 or Asp 52, resulting in competitive inhibition of lysozyme activity. The accurate and full basic data in the work is beneficial to clarifying the binding mechanism of TCs with lysozyme in vivo. 相似文献
47.
Yuan Zhang Jian Xu Zhenxing Zhong Changsheng Guo Lei Li Yan He Wenhong Fan Yucheng Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2372-2380
Degradation of three sulfonamides (SAs), namely sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in surface water and sediments collected from Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake, China was investigated in this study. The surface water (5–10 cm) was collected from the east region of Taihu Lake, China. Two sets of degradation experiments were conducted in 3-L glass bottles containing 2 L of fresh lake water and 100 μg/L of individual SAs aerated by bubbling air at a rate of approximately 1.2 L/min, one of which was sterilized by the addition of NaN3 (0.1 %). Sediment samples were taken from Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake, China. For the sediment experiment, 5 g of sediment were weighed into a 50-mL glass tube, with 10 mg/kg of individual SAs. Different experimental conditions including the sediment types, sterilization, light exposure, and redox condition were also considered in the experiments. The three SAs degraded in lake water with half-lives (t 1/2) of 10.5–12.9 days, and the half-lives increased significantly to 31.9–49.8 days in the sterilized water. SMZ and SDM were degraded by abiotic processes in Taihu and Dianchi sediments, and the different experimental conditions and sediments characteristics had no significant effect on their declines. SMX, however, was mainly transformed by facultative anaerobes in Taihu and Dianchi sediments under anaerobic conditions, and the degradation rate of SMX in non-sterile sediment (t 1/2 of 9.6–16.7 days) were higher than in sterilized sediment (t 1/2 of 18.7–135.9 days). Under abiotic conditions, degradation of SMX in Dianchi sediment was faster than in Taihu sediment, probably due to the higher organic matter content and inorganic photosensitizers concentrations in Dianchi sediment. High initial SAs concentration inhibited the SAs degradation, which was likely related to the inhibition of microorganism activities by high SAs levels in sediments. Results from this study could provide information on the persistence of commonly used sulfanomides antibiotics in lake environment. 相似文献
48.
西安市春季大气细粒子的质量浓度及其水溶性组分的特征 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
为了探讨西安市春季大气细粒污染物的污染水平及水溶性组分的特征及来源,2005年3—5月对西安大气PM2.5进行了观测,并应用离子色谱对其中的水溶性组分进行了分析。结果显示,西安市春季大气PM2.5的质量浓度为159.9μg·m-3。分析的11种阴阳离子(Na 、NH4 、K 、Mg2 、Ca2 、F-、Cl-、Br-、NO2-、NO3-和SO42-)质量浓度占PM2.5的30%,表明水溶性组分是大气细粒子的主要组成之一。NH4 、SO42-和NO3-为水溶性离子的主要组分,其平均质量浓度分别为6.6、20.1和7.6μg·m-3,在总水溶性离子中的百分比分别为12.4%、47.4%和16.9%,SO42-和NO3-质量浓度与能见度有较好的负相关性,表明细粒子中二次气溶胶组分对能见度有显著的影响。阴阳离子的平衡和pH值的测定结果显示,西安市大气细粒子污染物为弱酸性。离子间的相关性分析揭示水溶性离子在颗粒物中主要结合方式为(NH4)2SO4、NH4HSO4、NH4NO3、KHSO4和K2SO4。Mg2 和Ca2 的相关性也较好,其摩尔比率为0.07,小于中国北方沙漠和黄土的平均值(0.15),揭示二次扬尘和建筑扬尘等过程对Ca2 的质量浓度影响较大。计算的NO3-/SO42-质量浓度比值的均值为0.38,说明固定排放源(燃煤)对细粒子中水溶性组分的贡献大于移动排放源(机动车)。 相似文献
49.
试验研究一种新型的复合材料对废水脱氮的能力,该种材料主要是由分子筛和几种有机和无机材料通过一定的条件合成,以达到节约成本提高利用率的作用。采用溶胶一凝胶法制备分子筛/SiO2复合材料,采用纳试试剂光度法为检测方法,考察了分子筛/SiO2在静态条件下对水中氨氮的吸附性能。通过几组对比试验,如分子筛单体脱氮的实验,分子筛/SiO2复合材料和二氧化硅单体脱氮的实验,实验中测定了时间、pH值、投加量等因素对脱氮除磷的影响,得出最佳吸附条件。结果表明,pH在4~7时对氨氮有较好的吸附性能,吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,产生了复合效应。 相似文献
50.
Spatial and temporal variation of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in 26 cities in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fahe Chai Jian Gao Zhenxing Chen Shulan Wang Yuechong Zhang Jingqiao Zhang Hefeng Zhang Yaru Yun Chun Ren 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(1):75-82
O3and PM2.5were introduced into the newly revised air quality standard system in February 2012, representing a milestone in the history of air pollution control, and China's urban air quality will be evaluated using six factors(SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM2.5and PM10) from the beginning of 2013. To achieve the new air quality standard, it is extremely important to have a primary understanding of the current pollution status in various cities. The spatial and temporal variations of the air pollutants were investigated in 26 pilot cities in China from August 2011 to February 2012, just before the new standard was executed. Hourly averaged SO2, NO2and PM10were observed in 26 cities, and the pollutants O3, CO and PM2.5were measured in 15 of the 26 cities. The concentrations of SO2and CO were much higher in the cities in north China than those in the south. As for O3and NO2, however, there was no significant diference between northern and southern cities. Fine particles were found to account for a large proportion of airborne particles, with the ratio of PM2.5to PM10ranging from 55% to 77%. The concentrations of PM2.5(57.5 μg/m3) and PM10(91.2 μg/m3) were much higher than the values(PM2.5: 11.2 μg/m3; PM10 : 35.6 μg/m3) recommended by the World Health Organization. The attainment of the new urban air quality standard in the investigated cities is decreased by 20% in comparison with the older standard without considering O3, CO and PM2.5, suggesting a great challenge in urban air quality improvement, and more eforts will to be taken to control air pollution in China. 相似文献