Chiral profiling of azole antifungals in municipal wastewater and recipient rivers of the Pearl River Delta, China

Enantiomeric compositions and fractions (EFs) of three chiral imidazole (econazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole) and one chiral triazole (tebuconazole) antifungals were investigated in wastewater, river water, and bed sediment of the Pearl River Delta, South China. The imidazole pharmaceuticals in the untreated wastewater were racemic to weakly nonracemic (EFs of 0.450–0.530) and showed weak enantioselectivity during treatment in the sewage treatment plant. The EFs of the dissolved azole antifungals were usually different from those of the sorbed azoles in the suspended particulate matter, suggesting different behaviors for the enantiomers of the chiral azole antifungals in the dissolved and particulate phases of the wastewater. The azole antifungals were widely present in the rivers. The bed sediment was a sink for the imidazole antifungals. The imidazoles were prevalently racemic, whereas tebuconazole was widely nonracemic in the rivers. Seasonal effects were observed on distribution and chirality of the azole antifungals. Concentrations of the azole antifungals in the river water were relatively higher in winter than in spring and summer while the EF of miconazole in the river water was higher in summer. The mechanism of enantiomeric behavior of the chiral azole antifungals in the environment warrants further research.     

中瑞排污许可证制度比较研究

基于良好的实施效果,瑞典的排污许可证制度得到了很多国家的认可.中国于20世纪80年代即意识到排污许可证制度的重要性,但目前为止这一制度的实施遇到了很多阻碍,制度的应用范围和实施效果都还不尽如人意.在对瑞典的排污许可证制度的成功实施经验进行分析的基础上,对比研究了中国在排污许可证制度实施中存在的问题,并给出了完善这一制度的建议.     

再生资源回收利用体系建设对城市环境和资源循环利用的作用

指出城市再生资源回收行业现状严重制约城市环境的健康发展,提出建立科学规范的再生资源回收利用网络体系是实现城市环境健康发展的必然要求,同时对行业发展提出具体建议.     

背包中短链氯化石蜡污染特征分析及其健康风险评价

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是一类含碳原子数为10-13的正构烷烃氯化衍生物,也是一类具有持久性、长距离迁移性、生物蓄积性和生物毒性的物质,对生态环境和人类健康安全存在潜在的风险.为了解市售背包中SCCPs的污染特征及健康风险,本文采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定29种常见品牌背包中SCCPs的含量,并采用健康...     

隆昌市土壤侵蚀敏感性定量分析研究

以降雨侵蚀力、地形起伏度、土壤质地、植被覆盖度等自然因素及土壤侵蚀敏感性综合指数作为评价指标,利用GIS与RS技术,对隆昌市土壤侵蚀敏感性进行定量分析,并研究其分布特征,为地区水土保持工作提供科学依据.研究表明:隆昌市土壤侵蚀敏感性整体以轻度敏感为主,降雨及土壤质地对土壤侵蚀影响较大,桂花井镇、金鹅镇、李市镇、圣灯镇、石燕桥镇、渔箭镇土壤侵蚀相对较为敏感,是今后水土保持的重点区域.     

Oasis land-use change and its effects on the oasis eco-environment in Keriya Oasis,China

Land-use change in oases of arid zones play a significant role in the sustainable development and stability of oases. This paper presents a typical case of successful efforts to mitigate land-use change, its drivers and effects on the oasis eco-environment at Keriya Oasis in the western arid zone of China using remotely-sensed data, official statistics, and data collected by field investigation. Mathematical models were developed to quantify important elements related to land-use change, including net change and total change. The results indicate that: (1) approximately 17% of land-use types of Keriya Oasis changed between 1991 and 2002; (2) socioeconomic development, climate change, and economic polices contributed to land-use change in the oasis; (3) inappropriate human activities were the main cause of land-use change and eco-environmental degradation in the oasis; and (4) the stability of the oasis is threatened by land-use change and unexpected eco-environmental changes in the oasis and oasis–desert ecotone. The study suggests irrational human activity in arid zones, and that caution should be exercised to maintain stability and sustainable development of oases.     

华南地区几种常见植物对薇甘菊的化感作用研究

用供体植物地上部分的水提液或乙醇提取液配制成一定质量浓度的营养液,培养已生根的薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)枝条,1个月后测其生长情况。结果表明,幌伞枫(Heteropanax fragrans)和三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)水提液培养的薇甘菊无一成活;芒萁(Dicranopteris pedata)水提液对薇甘菊也表现出很强的化感作用,其抑制综合效应(SE)为72.47%。少花龙葵(Solanum nigrum)乙醇提取液培养的薇甘菊无一成活,三叶鬼针草和芒萁的乙醇提取液对薇甘菊也表现出很强的化感作用,其SE值分别达到50.50%和17.11%。可见三叶鬼针草和芒萁有望开发用来对薇甘菊进行长期生物防治。供体植物提取液对薇甘菊插条成活率和根系活力的影响高于对其生物量的影响,表明供体植物的化感物质可能是通过抑制薇甘菊根系活力来抑制其生长和繁殖的。     

甲胺磷农药的微生物降解

综述了甲胺磷降解菌的分布、类型及其实际应用，并介绍了微生物代谢甲胺磷的可能机制。     

作物植株残体还田土壤对除草剂的截留作用

加入成熟作物植株残体还田的土壤（简称秸秆还田土壤）与自然土壤的土柱淋洗对比实验，研究了玉米秸秆还田土壤对除草剂乙草胺和阿特拉津的截留作用以及水稻秸秆还田土壤对丁草胺的截留作用。结果表明，作物秸秆还田土壤对所研究的三种除草剂有明显的截留作用，在土桩的最上部10cm内，秸秆还田土壤对乙草胺、丁草胺和阿特拉津的截留量分别是自然土壤对其截留量的1.33、1.77和1.88倍。     

单甲脒等有机污染物多介质环境的动态模型

在稳态模型的基础上，研究了有机污染物在多介质环境的动态模型，并针对单甲脒，单甲脒盐酸盐，ＤＤＴ和ＤＭＰ等４种有机污染物作了计算，结果表明，这类模型对于研究有机污染物在多介质环境中随时间变化的行为是有效的。