双酚A替代品与双酚A对非洲爪蛙急性毒性及其应激响应的比较

双酚F(bisphenol F, BPF)和双酚AF(bisphenol AF, BPAF)作为双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)的替代品已被投入生产和使用,然而目前有关BPA替代品毒性的数据还很缺乏。本文从急性毒性和应激响应2个方面比较了BPF、BPAF与BPA对非洲爪蛙蝌蚪的毒性。结果表明,48 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))顺序为BPF(11.01 mg·L~(-1))>BPA(7.54 mg·L~(-1))>BPAF(2.87 mg·L~(-1));对氧化应激水平的影响BPAF强于BPA,BPF与BPA相近;BPA和BPAF对热休克蛋白基因表达水平有影响,BPF没有影响。本研究提示,BPAF作为BPA的替代品,其毒性强于BPA,而BPF与BPA类似。     

Overestimated role of sulfate in haze formation over Chinese megacities due to improper simulation of heterogeneous reactions

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Heterogeneous reactions involving aerosol water, i.e., haze chemistry, are responsible for high aerosol concentrations observed during severe haze events in...     

Variation characteristics of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide in summertime at a coastal site in the South China Sea

● Diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ are clearly extracted using EEMD. ● CH₄ and CO₂ show mid-morning high and evening low patterns during sea breezes. ● Wind direction significantly modulates the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. Methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) are the two most important greenhouse gases (GHGs). To examine the variation characteristics of CH₄ and CO₂ in the coastal South China Sea, atmospheric CH₄ and CO₂ measurements were performed in Bohe (BH), Guangdong, China, in summer 2021. By using an adaptive data analysis method, the diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ were clearly extracted and analysed in relation to the sea breeze (SB) and land breeze (LB), respectively. The average concentrations of CH₄ and CO₂ were 1876.91 ± 31.13 ppb and 407.99 ± 4.24 ppm during SB, and 1988.12 ± 109.92 ppb and 421.54 ± 14.89 ppm during LB, respectively. The values of CH₄ and CO₂ during SB basically coincided with the values and trends of marine background sites, showing that the BH station could serve as an ideal site for background GHG monitoring and dynamic analysis. The extracted diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂ showed sunrise high and sunset low patterns (with peaks at 5:00–7:00) during LB but mid-morning high and evening low patterns (with peaks at 9:00) during SB. The diurnal amplitude changes in both CH₄ and CO₂ during LB were almost two to three times those during SB. Wind direction significantly modulated the diurnal variations in CH₄ and CO₂. The results in this study provide a new way to examine the variations in GHGs on different timescales and can also help us gain a better understanding of GHG sources and distributions in the South China Sea.     

Integrating multiple vegetation indices via an artificial neural network model for estimating the leaf chlorophyll content of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spartina alterniflora</Emphasis> under interspecies competition

The invasive species Spartina alterniflora and native species Phragmites australis display a significant co-occurrence zonation pattern and this co-exist region exerts most competitive situations between these two species, competing for the limited space, directly influencing the co-exist distribution in the future. However, these two species have different growth ratios in this area, which increase the difficulty to detect the distribution situation directly by remote sensing. As chlorophyll content is a key indicator of plant growth and physiological status, the objective of this study was to reduce the effect of interspecies competition when estimating Cab content; we evaluated 79 published representative indices to determine the optimal indices for estimating the chlorophyll a and b (Cab) content. After performing a sensitivity analysis for all 79 spectral indices, five spectral indices were selected and integrated using an artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate the Cab content of different competition ratios: the Gitelson ratio green index, the transformed chlorophyll absorption ratio index/optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index, the modified normalized difference vegetation index, the chlorophyll fluorescence index, and the Vogelmann chlorophyll index. The ANN method yielded better results (R ² = 0.7110 and RMSE = 8.3829 μg cm^?2) on average than the best single spectral index (R ² = 0.6319 and RMSE = 9.3535 μg cm^?2), representing an increase of 10.78% in R ² and a decrease of 10.38% in RMSE. Our results indicated that integrating multiple vegetation indices with an ANN can alleviate the impact of interspecies competition and achieve higher estimation accuracy than the traditional approach using a single index.     

Increase of multi-metal tolerance of three leguminous plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus mosseae on the growth and metal uptake of three leguminous plants (Sesbania rostrata, Sesbania cannabina, Medicago sativa) grown in multi-metal contaminated soil. AMF colonization increased the growth of the legumes, indicating that AMF colonization increased the plant’s resistance to heavy metals. It also significantly stimulated the formation of root nodules and increased the N and P uptake of all of the tested leguminous plants, which might be one of the tolerance mechanisms conferred by AMF. Compared with the control, colonization by G. mosseae decreased the concentration of metals, such as Cu, in the shoots of the three legumes, indicating that the decreased heavy metals uptake and growth dilution were induced by AMF treatment, thereby reducing the heavy metal toxicity to the plants. The root/shoot ratios of Cu in the three legumes and Zn in M. sativa were significantly increased (P < 0.05) with AMF colonization, indicating that heavy metals were immobilized by the mycorrhiza and the heavy metal translocations to the shoot were decreased.     

Characteristics of mass distributions of aerosol particle and its inorganic water-soluble ions in summer over a suburb farmland in Beijing

Agricultural activity is one of the most important sources of aerosol particles. To understand the mass distribution and sources of aerosol particles and their inorganic water-soluble ions in a suburb farmland of Beijing, particle samples were collected using a microorifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) in the summer of 2004 in a suburb vegetable field. The distribution of the particles and their inorganic water-soluble ions in the diameter range of 0.18–18 μm were measured. The dominant fine particle ions were SO₄ ^2?, NO₃ ^?, and NH₄ ⁺. The association of day-to-day variation of the concentration of these ions with temperature, humidity, and solar radiation suggested that they are formed by the reaction of NH₃ released from the vegetable field with the acid species produced from photochemical reactions. Fine particle K⁺ is likely from vegetation emission and biomass burning. Coarse particles like Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NO₃ ^?, and SO₄ ^2? are suggested to come from the mechanical process by which the soil particle entered the atmosphere, and from the reaction of the acid species at the surface of the soil particle. The results show that fertilizer and soil are important factors determining the aerosol particle over agricultural fields, and vegetable fields in suburban Beijing contribute significantly to the aerosol particle.     

应用浮游植物对扎龙自然保护区水质的初步评价

通过对扎龙自然保护区水体中浮游植物调查及运用几种评价公式分析,评价结论为:扎龙水体浮游植物由8门60个属组成,数量在19 515×10~2～23 755×10~3个/升之间;水质属中污染型,同一年度污染情况为:8月>6月,北区>南区。     

兰州市空气污染物的变化规律与特征

论述了兰州市 1 993～ 1 996年间 ,室内外空气污染物 ,特别是一些非常规监测指标 ,如 PM1 0 、PM2 .5～ 1 0 和 PM2 .5 的污染规律和分布特征。结果表明兰州市仍以尘污染为主 ,PM1 0 在 TSP中平均占 3 3 %左右 ,而 PM2 .5 占了 PM1 0 的大部分     

兰州市气溶胶中金属与非金属元素的污染规律

通过对兰州市空气飘尘中粗、细颗粒物上化学元素的分布规律与特征的分析 ,指出了细颗粒物 (PM2 .5 )是一些有毒有害元素的主要携带者。这是可以在肺泡沉积 ,并能直接进入血液循环 ,对人体产生危害的重要部分     

兰州市空气污染对儿童及其父母呼吸系统健康的影响

叙述了居住环境对儿童和儿童父母亲呼吸系统健康影响的研究结果。揭示了儿童对空气污染所引起的呼吸系统疾病的急性反应较成人更敏感。吸烟合并空气污染更能损害人的健康