Sediment distribution pattern mapped from the combination of objective analysis and geostatistics in the large shallow Taihu Lake, China

Investigation was made into sediment depth at 723 irregularly scattered measurement points which cover all the regions in Talhu Lake, China. The combination of successive correction scheme and geostatistical method was used to get all the values of recent sediment thickness at the 69 x 69 grids in the whole lake. The results showed that there is the significant difference in sediment depth between the eastern area and the western region, and most of the sediments are located in the western shore-line and northern regimes but just a little in the center and eastem parts. The notable exception is the patch between the center and Xishan Island where the maximum sediment depth is more than 4.0 m. This sediment distribution pattem is more than likely related to the current circulation pattern induced by the prevailing wind-forcing in Taihu Lake. The numerical simulation of hydrodynamics can strong support the conclusion.Sediment effects on water quality was also studied and the results showed that the concentrations of TP, TN and SS in the western part are obviously larger than those in the eastem regime, which suggested that more nutrients can be released from thicker sediment areas.     

Research and application of kapok fiber as an absorbing material: A mini review

Kapok fiber corresponds to the seed hairs of the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra), and is a typical cellulosic fiber with the features of thin cell wall, large lumen, low density and hydrophobic- oleophilic properties. As a type of renewable natural plant fiber, kapok fiber is abundant, biocompatible and biodegradable, and its full exploration and potential application have received increasing attention in both academic and industrial fields. Based on the structure and properties of kapok fiber, this review provides a summary of recent research on kapok fiber including chemical and physical treatments, kapok fiber-based compositematerials, and the application of kapok fiber as an absorbent material for oils, metal ions, dyes, and sound, with special attention to its use as an oil-absorbing material, one predominant application of kapok fiber in the coming future.     

Evidence for coupled iron and nitrate reduction in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay

Iron and nitrate (NO₃^?) are dominant physiologically required nutrients for phytoplankton growth, and iron may also play a key role in the marine nitrogen cycle. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial distributions of dissolved iron (DFe) and Fe(II) in the surface waters of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) from April 2 to July 26, 2017. High concentrations of DFe and Fe(II) predominantly occurred in nearshore and estuarine stations and concentrations were generally higher in April and May. The highest DFe concentration was observed along the coast of Hongdao (51.55 nmol/L) in May, while the lowest concentration was observed in the western coastal region (2.88 nmol/L) in April. The highest and lowest Fe(II) concentrations were observed in the Licun estuary (22.42 nmol/L) and outer bay (0.50 nmol/L) in May, respectively. We calculated the proportions of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) as well as the ratio of Fe(II) to DFe in all four months. The mean Fe(II)/DFe ratio was 0.48 in April, 0.43 in May, 0.69 in June, and 0.32 in July. The mean ratio of NO₃^? to DIN was 0.78 in April, 0.54 in May, 0.20 in June, and 0.62 in July. NO₃^?/DIN continuously decreased in the first three months, while Fe(II)/DFe remained high, which suggests that the reduction of iron and nitrate occurred simultaneously in the surface waters of JZB.     

甲苯对塿土脲酶活性影响的实验研究

通过脲酶受甲苯作用的研究,结果表明甲苯对洋刀豆脲酶活性的影响极其微弱,但可显著增强土壤的脲酶活性,7个土样的增幅为1.48～3.96倍,且甲苯在较低浓度和较短处理时间内可完成对土壤脲酶的作用,灭菌土壤吸附洋刀豆脲酶后活性变幅小于3.98%,这主要是由于甲苯可能将土壤微生物毒害或致死后,释放胞内脲酶,并将脲酶等固定在土壤有机-无机胶体上所致.同时揭示出国内外学者研究结果差异的原因可能是土壤pH等理化性质及其造成的微生物区系不同.     

沈阳市新城子铬渣堆存区土壤铬污染分布及形态分析

采用Tessier A连续提取法,研究分析了沈阳市新城子铬渣堆存区土壤中重金属铬的污染分布和迁移转化规律,土壤中重金属铬的5种形态分布,主要以残渣态和碳酸盐结合态为主,分别占总量的49.74%和21.4%,而有机结合态含量最低,占总铬含量的6.25%。不同的功能区域铬的形态分布有所不同。总体的分布特征是残渣态>碳酸盐结合态>交换态>铁猛氧化态>有机态。     

苯酚、苯在水／阴离子有机膨润土界面的环境行为研究

研究了苯酚在水／阴离子有机膨润土界面的吸附行为，初步探讨了阴离子有机膨润土对苯酚、苯的吸附性能、机理及影响因素。结果表明，阴离子表面活性剂改性后，膨润土中有机碳含量增加了10～38倍，对苯酚、苯的吸附能力大大提高。水中苯酚、苯在水／阴离子有机膨润土界面的吸附行为主要分配作用所致，其吸附等温线呈线性。     

热防护系统热真空模拟试验技术

介绍了一种能模拟可重复使用运载器热防护系统内、外表面气动热和压力环境的热真空模拟试验装置,该装置不仅能模拟TPS外表面所受气动热和气动压力条件,还能模拟TPS内表面的真空压力环境。其外部环境压力4．0×10^2-2.0×10^5Pa,内部环境压力4．0～1．013×10^5Pa,热面温度可高达1100℃。利用该装置可以对热防护系统的传热性能进行稳态和瞬态测试。简要介绍了该装置的构成及功能,以及用其进行材料和结构的传热性能测试的试验方法。该装置的研制将为我国高超音速飞行器热防护系统的验证提供必要的技术手段。     

锑矿区人发中铋的污染状况

采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法（HG-AFS）,对经过硝酸-高氯酸消解后的锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人体头发样品中重金属铋（Bi）含量进行分析。结果表明,锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人体头发中Bi的检出率分别为95.5%、22.7%,矿区居民人体头发中Bi含量显著高于作为对照的贵阳市居民人体头发中的Bi含量。锡矿山矿区男性和女性居民人发中Bi质量分数范围分别为0.0079～0.1842μg？g-1、0.0080～0.1403μg？g-1,平均值（中位数）分别为0.0480（0.0280）μg？g-1、0.0482（0.0397）μg？g-1,矿区较高的人发Bi含量主要集中在30～49岁的中年人群中。通过独立样本t检验发现,锡矿山矿区男性和女性发样中Bi含量差异不显著（p〉0.05）。研究结果说明锑矿开采和冶炼区域重金属Bi对人体健康的危害明显比非矿区严重。     

离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(IC-ICP-MS)测定水体中的砷形态

使用离子色谱(IC)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术对水中砷的形态进行分离检测,对流动相、进样量和流速等条件进行了研究。使用IonpacAS18阴离子色谱柱,NH4HCO3作为淋洗液,1.0mL·min-1流速,成功的进行砷形态分离,该方法在100μL进样量下,4种砷形态(三价砷(As(III))、五价砷(As(V))、一甲基砷(MMA)和二甲基砷(DMA))的方法检出限在10～30ng·L-1之间,方法回收率为82.6%～110%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%～10.9%。     

十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对离体条件下小鼠肾脏和脑组织SOD活力和MDA含量的影响

十溴联苯醚(decabromodiphenyl ether,BDE-209)是目前应用最广泛的的溴系阻燃剂,其环境风险引起很大关注。本实验以小鼠肾脏和脑组织为实验材料,研究了离体条件下BDE-209的急性氧化损伤效应。BDE-209染毒终浓度设置为0,1,2,4和8μg·mL-1,采用NBT和TBA法分别测定SOD(superoxide dismutase)活性和MDA(malondialdehyde)含量。结果显示,随着BDE-209染毒浓度的升高,小鼠肾脏和脑组织的SOD活性先升高后降低,较高染毒浓度组的SOD活性与对照组相比显著性降低;MDA含量逐渐上升,并且与对照组相比较高染毒浓度组的MDA含量显著上升。以上结果说明,离体条件下BDE-209对小鼠肾脏和脑组织能够产生急性氧化应激,并导致脂质过氧化损伤。