垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的电化学氧化处理研究

垃圾渗滤液的膜滤浓缩液盐度高,腐殖质含量大,制约着其进一步的处理处置。借助于电化学在高盐度废水中的氧化能力,对膜滤浓缩液的电解条件和电解机制进行研究,发现在电压10V、pH=6、极板间距2cm的最佳电解条件下,COD、TN、TP质量浓度可分别从4 160、280.2、8.1mg/L下降到1 279、84.6、1.9mg/L,去除率分别为69.3%、69.8%、76.5%。此时膜滤浓缩液中的大分子物质被降解为小分子物质,而类胡敏酸物质分解为低腐殖化、低缩合度有机物,出水BOD5/COD从0.054升高到0.106,提高了96.3%,为后续处理奠定了基础。     

高浓度发酵废水生产单细胞蛋白的菌种筛选

为了回收高浓度发酵废水中的有用资源,以近平滑假丝酵母（C. parapsilosis）、热带假丝酵母（C. tropicalis）、产朊假丝酵母（C. utilis）、汉逊德巴利酵母（D. hansenli）、酿酒酵母（S. cerevisiae）、皮状丝孢酵母（T. cutaneum）、白地霉（G. candidum）和黑曲霉（A. niger）8种常见工业菌种为研究对象,通过摇瓶发酵,考察了不同菌种利用高浓度发酵废水生产单细胞蛋白（SCP）的能力,同时比较废水灭菌和不灭菌两种条件对SCP产量的影响。结果表明,在废水COD浓度69 600 mg·L-1、TN浓度4 048 mg·L-1、初始pH 6.5、28℃、150 r·min-1、灭菌条件下发酵40 h,C. parapsilosis的菌体生物量和粗蛋白含量最高,可达7.04 g·L-1和1.87 g·L-1,对废水中COD和TN的去除率分别为33.5%和20.1%;C. parapsilosis和G. candidum可作为废水生产SCP并高效回收氮素和有机质的优势菌种。在不灭菌条件下,各菌种生产SCP的能力明显高于灭菌条件,且不同菌种产量差异不大,生物量和粗蛋白含量平均高达8.0 g·L-1和4.0 g·L-1,废水COD和TN的去除率分别为47%和33%。     

Characteristics of environmental factors and their effects on CH4 and CO2 emissions from a closed landfill: An ecological case study of Shanghai

To elucidate the influence of landfill gas (LFG) emission on environmental factors, an ecological investigation that was primarily concerned with the characteristics of vegetation, cover soil, and solid waste in the landfill was carried out. Temporal and spatial variations in vegetation diversity and coverage and their effects on reducing the emission of methane in the landfill were investigated. The results showed that both vegetation coverage and diversity increased with elapsed landfill closure time. The transition trend of the vegetation species was from perennial plant (Phragmites australis) to annual plants. Perennial vegetation was the dominant type of vegetation during the early closure period, and annual vegetation coverage increased with closure time. Vegetation preferentially appeared in areas of comparatively high depth of cover soil, which was characterized by high moisture retentiveness that enabled vegetation growth. The concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide in the cover soil significantly decreased with increasing closure time. The concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide from bare cover soil were higher than those from vegetated cover soil whereas the CO₂ flux of bare cover soil was less than that of vegetated cover soil.     

Risk assessment of cadmium intake via food among residents in the mining-affected areas of Nandan County,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study investigated the dietary structure, Cadmium (Cd) contents in foods and exposure to Cd through diets of the residents in the mining-affected areas...     

Application of hydration reaction on the removal of recalcitrant contaminants in leachate after biological treatment

Leachate contains amounts of non-biodegradable matters with COD range of 400–1500 mg/L after the biological treatment, and should be removed further to attain the Chinese discharge standards. Hydration reaction has the potential to combine and solidify some recalcitrant substances, and thus could be applied as the advanced leachate treatment process. It was found that COD and NH₃N decreased from 485 to <250 mg/L and 91 to 10 mg/L, with the removal rate over 50% and 90% in the first 6 d, respectively, and COD and NH₃N removal capacity were around 23.7 and 9.2 mg/g under the test conditions. The percentage of the substances with low Mn range of <1000 decreased from 32.9% to 3.2% in leachate after hydration reaction. Tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate were the most activity compounds successively for the pollutant removal in leachate, and hydration reaction could be the option for the advanced wastewater treatment process thereafter.     

基于数据驱动贝叶斯网络的内河船舶交通事故分析

伴随着我国内河航运的蓬勃发展,内河船舶的行驶安全受到了广泛的关注.将贝叶斯网络引入内河船舶交通事故分析,探究不同事故类型与航道、气候、船舶等方面影响因素之间的关系.首先,以芜湖海事局20132020年间上报的219条内河航运事故船舶数据为基础,抽取样本并使用贝叶斯可视化软件Netica训练得出内河船舶交通事故的贝叶斯网...     

变电站操作不安全行为核心影响因素分析*

为分析变电站中操作不安全行为的核心影响因素,基于国家电网某省变电站员工安全心理自评数据,运用心理学模型确定9种主要心理维度,融合Bayesian Search和Peter Clark(PC)算法,并使用专家知识修正以训练贝叶斯网络模型结构,应用Expectation Maximization(EM)算法训练模型参数,并运用Mutual Information(MI)和预测推理2种方法分析核心影响因素。研究结果表明:训练模型的预测错误率为14.8%,AUC为0.945 8,变电站操作不安全行为的核心影响因素为情绪稳定性和心理承受力。     

浸水条件下树脂锚索锚固性能劣化试验研究∗

预应力树脂锚索运用于交通/水工隧道中,服役环境复杂、年限长,富水围岩区段锚固系统面临潮湿环境长期侵蚀,在浅析潮湿环境侵蚀机制基础上,开展室内试验测试树脂锚固剂水中浸泡后力学性能变化,研究浸水条件下树脂锚索锚固性能变化特征。研究结果表明：树脂锚固剂试样具有弱吸水性,水中浸泡后单轴抗压强度、弹性模量及泊松比出现不同比例下降,试样破坏形态以垂直贯通的主裂缝为主,周围分布数目较多的细小裂缝,表面局部出现块状体的脱落与分离;随着水中浸泡时间的增长,树脂锚索锚固试件拉拔破坏模式由混凝土劈裂破坏,出现树脂锚固剂?锚索黏结失效的索体拔出破坏,平均极限锚固力下降,锚索锚固性能逐渐劣化,试件劈裂破坏时树脂锚固剂?混凝土界面产生分离,索体拔出破坏时为树脂锚固剂?锚索界面滑移。研究揭示了隧道潮湿环境下树脂锚索锚固性能劣化规律现象,有助于加深对预应力树脂锚固系统后期稳定性变化的认知。     

水化氧化处理垃圾渗滤液生物处理后的尾水

经生物处理后垃圾渗滤液尾水的CODCr约在500~800 mg/L,此类CODCr除部分为有机物外,还含有大量还原性无机类物质,因此不适合采用常规的生物处理方法进行深度处理。本研究在投药量较低的情况下,采用水泥、NaAlO2和Ca(ClO)2等物质联合作用,取得较好的尾水CODCr去除效果(达到国家二级排放标准)。机理研究表明:渗滤液尾水CODCr的去除主要通过两种途径:一方面为常规的氧化作用,另一方面通过特殊的水化作用,可去除部分还原性无机类物质。