袋式除尘器在锅炉干法脱硫系统上的应用

在干法脱硫系统上，用长袋低压脉冲袋式除尘器取代电除尘器，即可提高除尘效率，也可提高脱硫效率。     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的防治对策

我国煤矿日趋严重的瓦斯爆炸事故灾害严重地威胁着矿井工作人员的生命安全，制约矿井生产的发展，给煤炭企业带来沉重的负担，从安全科学的角度及其事故原因分类出发，提出了防治我国煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的对策。     

序批式反应器处理精对苯二甲酸废水

采用序批式反应器（SBR）处理模拟精对苯二甲酸（PTA）废水,考察了曝气量、沉降时间、进水方式等对对苯二甲酸（TA）生物降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,对于TA质量浓度小于1500mg／L的废水,采用完全曝气SBR运行4h,TA和COD的去除率均能达到95％以上,TA平均去除速率随TA浓度的增加而增大。TA质量浓度为1500mg／L时,曝气量、沉降时间和进水方式是影响其降解效果的主要因素。采用SBR处理高浓度PTA废水可克服污泥膨胀和抗冲击负荷能力弱的问题,且系统的稳定性和PTA废水的处理效果较好。     

医疗废弃物焚烧挥发性氯含量与热值测试与估算

通过测定上海某医疗废弃物处置公司设定燃烧工况条件下某时间段内烟气中HC l的平均排放速率,估算出上海地区医疗垃圾废物中的可燃烧转化氯含量在2.33%~2.64%左右;通过测定各较小采样时间段(2 m in)的烟气HC l浓度测定发现批次进料造成烟气中HC l浓度近4倍的波动,通过初步的热平衡估算得到医疗废弃物的热值大致在21.8 M J/kg,得到的结果可为我国医疗废弃物的焚烧工艺设计提供基础依据。     

不同状态下的同一污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究

以由厌氧污泥向好氧污泥转变前后2种不同状态下的污泥为研究对象,采用5种不同方法对污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)进行了提取实验。实验结果表明,NaOH法提取的EPS含量最高,但会导致胞内物质泄漏。CER和离心提取法较温和,但EPS产量不高。甲醛-NaOH和H2SO4法提取的EPS含量较高,且无大量细胞自溶发生,是有效的EPS提取方法。厌氧污泥转变为好氧污泥后蛋白质/多糖(PN/PS)比例有所增加,表明EPS各组分含量发生改变。红外分析表明厌氧污泥转变为好氧污泥前后EPS中主要组成成分没有发生改变,但各成分含量有所增加,特征明显的峰表明EPS中存在蛋白质、多聚糖。     

倒置A~2/O-MBR(平板膜)处理城市污水的中试研究

针对城市生活污水,研究了两点进水倒置A2/O-MBR(平板膜)系统(以下简称系统)对COD、NH+4-N、TN、TP、出水SS影响。结果表明,该系统对COD、NH+4-N具有较高的去除率,出水符合GB18918-2002中一级A标准;当混合液回流比为200%时,系统出水TN浓度小于15 mg/L;正常排泥后,系统对TP的去除率达83%左右;平板膜破损会导致出水SS、COD会受到影响。膜对COD、TP、SS有直接截留作用,由于系统出水几乎没有固体损失,可以精确控制污泥龄,有利于世代周期较长的硝化菌和反硝化菌生长;系统中的污泥浓度可以提高至15 000 mg/L,此时,即使进水量提高0.5倍,出水水质仍保持良好。     

碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性及微囊藻毒素产率的影响

为研究水体中不同碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性的影响,以Na2CO3与葡萄糖分别作为铜绿微囊藻生长的无机碳源与有机碳源,将铜绿微囊藻于光照下进行培养,并对其一系列的生理特性与微囊藻毒素产率进行检测。实验结果表明,同等碳浓度下,有机碳源更能促进铜绿微囊藻的生长,经过30 d的培养,铜绿微囊藻在有机碳源中的产量为187.55 g,比其在无机碳源中的产量提高了6.06%;微囊藻毒素在有机碳源中的产量为969.00μg/g,而在无机碳源中的产量却升高至1 193.60μg/g。参与藻毒素合成的3种氨基酸在无机碳源中的浓度要比有机碳源中的浓度高,但是其余几种氨基酸的含量与之情况相反。而有机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻总可溶性蛋白含量为387.00μg/g,比无机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻的蛋白含量提高了93.60%。     

零价铁与甲醇支持的生物-化学法去除富氧水中的硝酸盐氮

针对富氧水中硝酸盐氮(NO-3-N),采用零价铁(ZVI)和甲醇支持的生物-化学联合法开展了批实验研究,探讨了ZVI类型、CH3OH∶N比、初始溶解氧(DO)浓度、初始NO-3-N浓度和水温等5个因素对联合法除氧脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,ZVI的除氧能力由高至低依次为:ZVI-C(0.124 d)>ZVI-A(0.141 d)>ZVI-B(0.179 d)。ZVI支持的联合法NO-3-N去除率由高至低依次为:ZVI-A(99.6%)>ZVI-C(95.3%)>ZVI-B(92.2%)。CH3OH∶N≤3.5∶1时,联合法去除<52.0%的NO-3-N;CH3OH∶N=10∶1时,去除100%的NO-3-N;CH3OH∶N=200∶1时,去除70.2%的NO-3-N。当初始DO浓度介于3.6~5.3 mg/L之间时,联合法的NO-3-N去除率介于98.8%~99.6%之间。在任意时刻,低底物浓度(5.2 mg/L)时的NO-3-N去除率低于高浓度(21.1 mg/L)时的去除率;低底物浓度下完全脱氮所需时间比高浓度下长2 d。15.0℃时联合法需要7 d可以达到完全脱氮,然而在27.5℃时则需要5 d。低温时亚硝酸盐氮浓度最大值(4.4 mg/L)显著高于高温时的最大值(1.1 mg/L)。ZVI类型、CH3OH∶N、初始NO-3-N浓度和水温显著影响联合法的脱氮效果,而初始DO浓度对联合法的影响不大。     

Process analysis of a regional air pollution episode over Pearl River Delta Region,China, using the MM5-CMAQ model

This study focuses on the influences of a warm high-pressure meteorological system on aerosol pollutants, employing the simulations by the Models-3/CMAQ system and the observations collected during October 10–12, 2004, over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. The results show that the spatial distributions of air pollutants are generally circular near Guangzhou and Foshan, which are cities with high emissions rates. The primary pollutant is particulate matter (PM) over the PRD. MM5 shows reasonable performance for major meteorological variables (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, wind direction) with normalized mean biases (NMB) of 4.5–38.8% and for their time series. CMAQ can capture one peak of all air pollutant concentrations on October 11, but misses other peaks. The CMAQ model systematically underpredicts the mass concentrations of all air pollutants. Compared with chemical observations, SO₂ and O₃ are predicted well with a correlation coefficient of 0.70 and 0.65. PM_2.5 and NO are significantly underpredicted with an NMB of 43% and 90%, respectively. The process analysis results show that the emission, dry deposition, horizontal transport, and vertical transport are four main processes affecting air pollutants. The contributions of each physical process are different for the various pollutants. The most important process for PM₁₀ is dry deposition, and for NO_x it is transport. The contributions of horizontal and vertical transport processes vary during the period, but these two processes mostly contribute to the removal of air pollutants at Guangzhou city, whose emissions are high. For this high-pressure case, the contributions of the various processes show high correlations in cities with the similar geographical attributes. According to the statistical results, cities in the PRD region are divided into four groups with different features. The contributions from local and nonlocal emission sources are discussed in different groups.

Implications: The characteristics of aerosol pollution episodes are intensively studied in this work using the high-resolution modeling system MM5/SMOKE/CMAQ, with special efforts on examining the contributions of different physical and chemical processes to air concentrations for each city over the PRD region by a process analysis method, so as to provide a scientific basis for understanding the formation mechanism of regional aerosol pollution under the high-pressure system over PRD.