污染物排放总量控制工作的若干思考和建议

分析了目前污染物排放总量控制工作中存在的问题。给出了总量控制目标确定的依据和方法。提出了总量控制计划分配的原则和分配步骤。分别从现有污染源总量控制、新建项目总量控制．区域总量控制等方面提出了监督管理的要求。且对考核总量控制计划完成情况提出了具体要求。对总量控制工作中应注意的问题提出了若干建设性的想法。     

硫化氢捕消剂的应用试验研究

针对硫化氢气体的特点,研制了在泄漏事故中用于清除硫化氢气体的硫化氢捕消剂;开展了密闭空间和开放空间硫化氢清除应用试验,结果表明,硫化氢捕消剂能够有效地清除泄漏在空气中的硫化氢气体。     

4种喹诺酮类抗生素对发光菌毒性作用研究

分析了4种常见的喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)对发光菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum)的单一毒性和等毒性比例下的联合毒性作用,基于毒性单位法(TU)、相加指数法(AI)和混合毒性指数法(MTI)评价混合体系联合毒性的作用类型。加替沙星、洛美沙星、左氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星4种喹诺酮类医药品对发光菌的半数效应浓度(EC50)分别为:0.084×10~(-3)、0.137×10~(-3)、0.129×10~(-3)和0.151×10~(-3)mol·L-1。不同的评价方法对4种QNs的联合效应评价结果具有较好的一致性,多元混合体系呈现为不同程度的拮抗作用。结合分子结构特征和不同取代基相互作用,初步分析了联合毒性机理,进一步的毒性作用机制还需通过对生物生理生化反应等进行深入研究。本研究多种QNs混合体系呈现拮抗作用为主,揭示了此类医药品在环境中的联合使用可能导致药效降低以及微生物耐药性的产生和传播。     

微塑料与农药污染的联合毒性作用研究进展

近海环境中的微塑料污染问题已成为全球性的环境问题,引起了世界范围内的广泛关注。微塑料不仅能够对生物造成物理损伤,而且塑料中的添加剂如邻苯二甲酸酯、双酚A、多溴二苯醚等也会随着塑料的风化而浸出进入环境,对生物产生毒害,同时,微塑料还能吸附海洋环境中的其他污染物,从而对生物产生联合毒性作用。本文综述了微塑料与持久性有机污染物的联合作用,结果表明聚苯乙烯微塑料能够吸附海水中的持久性有机污染物如多环芳烃、多氯联苯、有机氯农药滴滴涕,从而可能导致这些污染物在海洋生物组织中富集,对人类健康存在直接或间接危害。最后本文在总结前人研究的基础上,对未来微塑料与农药污染联合毒性作用的研究方向做了简要分析和展望。     

Ozonation of azo dye Acid Red 14 in a microporous tube-in-tube microchannel reactor: decolorization and mechanism

Despite the great success of time-weighted average passive sampling of hydrophobic contaminants, such as PCBs and PAHs, the sampling of polar organic compounds still presents a challenge because the equilibrium between water and most sampling phases is attained in a relatively short time. In this study, we proposed a new time-integrative sampler using in situ solvent extraction (TISIS) for polar organic chemicals. The sampler was composed of a 15 cm poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) tubing, with an internal diameter of 0.5 mm and wall thickness of 0.5 mm, through which an extraction solvent (acetonitrile) was passed. Four polar organic contaminants, caffeine, atrazine, diuron and 17α-ethynylestradiol, were chosen for the evaluation of the performance of the sampler. Without the use of in situ solvent extraction, the PDMS tubing when exposed to a constant aqueous concentration of the four model compounds was able to linearly accumulate those compounds for less than 12 h and equilibrium between the PDMS tubing and water was attained in 2 d under our laboratory conditions. However, TISIS when exposed to a constant aqueous concentration was able to linearly accumulate all the model compounds without any exposure time limitation. The measured sampling rates at three different extraction flow rates (0.2, 0.5, 1.5 mL min⁻¹) were similar, regardless of the chemicals, indicating that the overall mass transfer from aqueous solution to the extraction solvent was most likely dominated by partitioning to the PDMS tubing and the internal diffusion within PDMS. In addition, a pulsed exposure experiment confirmed that TISIS operated in a time-integrative mode when the environmental concentration was highly fluctuated.     

乙酸钠为碳源时进水COD和总磷对生物除磷的影响

研究了乙酸钠为碳源时,乙酸盐和总磷浓度对循序间歇式生物除磷工艺运行效果的影响,以及含高浓度乙酸盐废水不能有效除磷的原因结果表明:COD<600mg·L^-1时,随着COD/TP值的增大,总磷去除率提高,COD/TP<50时,磷的去除率提高显著,但当COD/TP>50时,磷的去除变化不大;进水乙酸盐浓度过高(COD>600mg·L^-1)使除磷效率逐渐下降,COD>1000 mg·L^-1会使生物除磷系统完全崩溃;研究发现除磷效率的下降是由于过多的乙酸盐从厌氧段进入了好氧段,引起丝状菌的增殖、污泥膨胀,导致聚磷菌被洗出.     

东南沿海陆相多旋回双模式火山岩

以闽东永泰地区为实例,具体阐述东南沿海陆相多旋回双模式火山岩及其区域性分布特点。早白垩世为主要形成期,与世界其它地区以太古代为主体有所不同。区内双模式火山岩为主元结构,Ⅰ旋回(下组合)为沉积岩——玄武岩——流纹质凝灰岩;Ⅱ旋回(上组合)为沉积岩——碱性玄武岩——流纹质凝灰岩;Ⅲ旋回为沉积岩——玄武岩——火山集块岩及钾长流纹岩,其形成的构造环境为活动大陆边缘板内拉张环境,岩浆结晶温度大约在970—1156℃,估算过渡岩浆房形成深度约3.5—5km。     

翻车机粉尘治理研究与实践

揭示翻车机翻卸物料的产尘机理,通过理论分析和计算机模拟,分析翻车机翻卸物料时产生的气流及其分布。详细介绍翻车机粉尘污染治理的新思路、新方法。结果表明:采用通风喷雾降尘方法对于翻车机粉尘综合治理更为有效。将该方案应用于某钢铁企业的翻车机粉尘治理中,取得了良好的降尘效果,实现了高效、可持续发展的安全生产。     

抗高温环保钻井液体系研究

文章选择清洁环保的钻井液处理剂进行抗高温钻井液体系实验研究与评价,对包被增粘剂、降失水剂等进行优选,对抗高温环保钻井液配方进行评价,研究出无毒、无害,抗温能力强、流变性好,失水较低的钻井液体系,现场应用满足高温深井的钻井生产要求。     

Performance of bioferric-submerged membrane bioreactor for dyeing wastewater treatment

Adding iron salt or iron hydroxide to sludgemixed liquor in an aeration tank of a conventional activated sludge processes (bioferric process) can simultaneously improve the sludge’s filterability and enhance the system’s treatment capacity. In view of this, Fe(OH)₃ was added to a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) to enhance the removal efficiency and to mitigate membrane fouling. Bioferric process and SMBR were combined to create a novel process called Bioferric-SMBR. A side-by-side comparison study of Bioferric-SMBR and common SMBR dealing with dyeing wastewater was carried out. Bioferric-SMBR showed potential superiority, which could enhance removal efficiency, reduce membrane fouling and improve sludge characteristic. When volumetric loading rate was 25% higher than that of common SMBR, the removal efficiencies of Bioferric-SMBR on COD, dye, and NH₄ ⁺-N were 1.0%, 9.5%, and 5.2% higher than that of common SMBR, respectively. The trans-membrane pressure of Bioferric-SMBR was only 36% of that in common SMBR while its membrane flux was 25% higher than that of common SMBR. The stable running period in Bioferric-SMBR was 2.5 times of that in common SMBR when there was no surplus sludge discharged. The mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of Bioferric-SMBR was higher than that of common SMBR with more diversified kinds of microorganisms such as protozoans and metazoans. The mean particle diameter and specific oxygen uptake rate of Bioferric-SMBR were 3.10 and 1.23 times the common SMBR, respectively.