滨河污水处理厂出水氯与紫外消毒对比试验研究

选择氯和紫外消毒技术对深圳滨河污水处理厂二级出水进行中试研究,比较了氯、紫外消毒技术的消毒效果、持续杀毒能力、消毒安全性、消毒成本和受水质量参数影响程度五方面内容并得到相应的数据以进行横向对比。据试验结果和该污水处理厂工程实际情况,推荐采用紫外污水消毒工艺。     

加氢装置丙烯罐泄漏事故应急救援预案

主要针对化工事业部重大危险源加氢装置丙烯罐的泄漏事故建立企业级现场预案,从应急管理的六个一级关键要素:方针与原则、应急策划、应急准备、应急响应、现场恢复和预案管理与评审改进来规范应急预案的编写,为应急救援人员进行大型事故处理和策划实地演练提供指导.     

Ambient photolysis frequency of NO<Subscript>2</Subscript> determined using chemical actinometer and spectroradiometer at an urban site in Beijing

The photolysis frequency of NO₂, j(NO₂), is an important analytical parameter in the study of tropospheric chemistry. A chemical actinometer (CA) was built to measure the ambient j(NO₂) based on a high precision NO _x instrument with 1 min time resolution. Parallel measurements of the ambient j(NO₂) by using the CA and a commercial spectroradiometer (SR) were conducted at a typical urban site (Peking University Urban Environmental Monitoring Station) in Beijing. In general, good agreement was achieved between the CA and SR data with a high linear correlation coefficient (R ² = 0.977) and a regression slope of 1.12. The regression offset was negligible compared to the measured signal level. The j(NO₂) data were calculated using the tropospheric ultraviolet visible radiation (TUV) model, which was constrained to observe aerosol optical properties. The calculated j(NO₂) was intermediate between the results obtained with CA and SR, demonstrating the consistency of all the parameters observed at this site. The good agreement between the CA and SR data, and the consistency with the TUV model results, demonstrate the good performance of the installed SR instrument. Since a drift of the SR sensitivity is expected by the manufacturer, we propose a regular check of the data acquired via SR against those obtained by CA for long-term delivery of a high quality series of j(NO₂) data. Establishing such a time series will be invaluable for analyzing the long-term atmospheric oxidation capacity trends as well as O₃ pollution for urban Beijing.

Open image in new window

     

Bacterial community structure of Tricholoma matsutake stipe soil by high-throughput sequencing北大核心CSCD

In order to understand the interaction between microorganisms in soil attached to the stipes of Tricholoma matsutake, we utilized high-throughput sequencing technology using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 System (San Diego, CA, USA) to explore the bacterial community structure in such soils and analyzed the effects of microorganisms on the formation and growth of T. matsutake. A total of 6 730 sequences were obtained from the samples, and these sequences were clustered into 928 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 97% similarity level. In addition, these OTUs were grouped into 22 bacterial phyla (including 62 classes, 90 orders, 162 families, and 275 genera) and 2 archaeal phyla (including 4 classes, 6 orders, 7 families, and 8 genera). Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum present in all the samples, and these bacteria were significantly more abundant in soils attached to stipe of T. matsutake than they were in the control samples. Similarly, Beta-proteobacteria were the dominant class, and bacteria in this class were less abundant than they were in the control samples. Moreover, the genus Burkholderia within the Proteobacteria was more abundant in the control samples than in the T. matsutake soil samples. Generally, Proteobacteria, especially the genus Burkholderia, played an important role in the growth of T. matsutake, whereas other bacteria, such as Unknown-Ellin 60, would probably inhibit the growth of T. matsutake. This study showed that bacteria might be involved in the growth of T. matsutake and the formation of its fruiting bodies, but they had no positive relationship with bacterial abundance, which may provide theoretical guidance for the cultivation of T. matsutake. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

布洛芬对活性污泥中功能酶活性的影响

布洛芬是常用非甾体抗炎药,使用量大、去除率低,且药品的存在会诱发水生生物发生不同应激变化。研究对比了在不同浓度梯度布洛芬暴露下活性污泥中脲酶、转化酶活性的动态变化率、总变化率的不同响应。结果表明,在布洛芬浓度为35~40μg·L~(-1)时,对脲酶活性的抑制程度超过了40%,布洛芬浓度达28μg·L~(-1)后,脲酶活性总变化率单调增加,在布洛芬浓度达到40μg·L~(-1)时,脲酶活性总变化率超过了70%。而转化酶活性动态变化率低于±20%,总变化率低于±30%。上述研究结果表明,脲酶活性在布洛芬较低浓度暴露下变化幅度大、响应快。因此推荐使用较为敏感的脲酶活性生物指标,评价布洛芬等新型有机污染物对复杂污泥机制中活性污泥微生物活性影响。相关实验数据可以对污水处理系统的潜在风险进行早期预警。     

室内粪土模型中土霉素对主要反硝化基因转录水平和菌群结构特征的影响

反硝化作用在土壤氮素循环中扮演着重要角色,而国内研究抗生素残留对反硝化作用的报道仍然较少。本实验通过构建室内抗生素-粪便-土壤模型,以研究空白组(0μg·kg~(-1))、低浓度组(20μg·kg~(-1))、中浓度组(200μg·kg~(-1))和高浓度组(2000μg·kg~(-1))土霉素对施加鸡粪后土壤中反硝化作用的影响。利用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)和限制性末端片段长度多态性(TRFLP)方法分析反硝化基因(nirS、nirK、narG和nosZ)的响应特征及反硝化菌群结构特点。qPCR定量结果表明低、中浓度土霉素对携带nirS、nirK基因的菌群有促进作用,而高浓度组则表现为抑制作用,而携带nosZ基因的菌群对土霉素的胁迫反应较迟钝。T-RFLP结果显示不同浓度土霉素并没有改变携带nirS基因和nosZ基因的优势菌群结构,而随着暴露时间的延长,携带nirS基因的反硝化优势片段在第30～60天之间发生了变化。这些结果表明不同浓度土霉素可以影响反硝化菌群丰度,但是却无法影响优势菌群,而土壤中其他因素可能对优势菌群的影响更大。     

不同裂隙形式类岩体单轴压缩破坏特征研究

采用水泥砂浆制作具有不同倾角、不同裂隙形式和不同岩桥间距的预制裂隙类岩体试样,开展单轴压缩试验。基于滑动裂纹理论,分析在单轴压缩作用下类岩体破坏受力特征和破坏形式。结果表明:裂隙形式、裂隙倾角和岩桥长度等参数变化对试样强度和破坏形式有较大影响,且在不同破坏模式中起主要作用的控制性参数不一样;对于不同倾角的单裂隙和平行双裂隙试样在单轴压缩破坏形式基本类似,当倾角在0°~90°变化时,它们的峰值强度随倾角的变化趋势呈下凹型,当岩桥倾角为45°时试样的峰值强度最低;对于不同岩桥长度不共面断续裂隙试样,试样的抗压强度会随着岩桥长度的增大而逐渐增大,而对于共面断续裂隙试样裂隙岩桥长度为20 mm左右时最容易被破坏     

我国城市水环境产业发展规模和市场容量的SD模型

采用SD方法,建立了城市水环境产业与人口、经济、资源和环境之间相互关系的动态、非线性模型(SDMUWEIC),在不确定分析基础上,预测了未来城市水环境产业的发展规模、市场容量和市场结构.表明城市水环境产业将为建筑、通用机械设备和水处理专用设备等提供广阔的市场,从而促进消费,带动国民经济其他行业的发展.本文还进一步预测了不同城市人口比例和水价增长速度,对城市水环境产业发展的影响.     

双酚A对紫背浮萍生长和光合色素及抗氧化系统影响

以紫背浮萍为实验对象,探究双酚A(bsiphenol A, BPA)对其生长、光合色素含量、抗氧化系统和渗透压调节物质的影响。结果表明,不同浓度(0、1、5、20和50 mg·L~(-1))BPA连续暴露7 d后,与对照组相比,随暴露浓度升高,紫背浮萍湿重和叶绿素含量呈现先显著增加后降低的趋势;暴露组过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量和抗超氧阴离子自由基活性显著降低;丙二醛(MDA)含量在20和50 mg·L~(-1)组显著升高;暴露组抗氧化酶活性包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均低于对照组;谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量在高浓度组显著升高,20 mg·L~(-1)组可溶性糖含量显著升高,可溶性蛋白含量在中高浓度组显著增加。研究表明,中低浓度BPA会提高紫背浮萍光合色素含量,有机物积累增多,促进其生长;但随BPA浓度不断升高,紫背浮萍体内产生氧化损伤,抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素含量降低,生长受到抑制。本研究结果将为BPA污染控制及对水生植物生态毒性效应评价提供理论基础。     

基于层状土推覆方法的盾构隧道抗震性能分析

当前对于地铁盾构隧道进行抗震分析时多基于弹性假设的简化设计方法,难以体现土体和结构的非线性特征;而动力时程分析具有耗时长,工作量大,考虑因素多等缺点使其在工程设计中的广泛应用受到限制。地下结构静力推覆方法具有概念清晰,考虑土体与结构相互作用,相比动力方法耗时大大减少等优点。而自适应层状土推覆分析可以改善地下结构静力推覆法的地震荷载加载模式,使之在含软弱夹层的场地中同样具有较高的精度。通过建立二维的土体-结构相互作用模型,采用自适应层状土推覆分析法对实际的单线地铁盾构隧道横断面进行拟静力弹塑性分析。绘制了其抗震性能曲线并发现了相对薄弱处的位置,并与动力时程的分析结果进行了比较,证明该方法有良好的精度。同时采用该方法对地铁盾构隧道抗震响应做了参数分析,给出了管片混凝土标号和土体模量的改变对隧道薄弱点受力的影响。