恶臭的测定

恶臭作为一种扰民污染,其测定方法与常规的大气污染物相比,有其独特性。除采用分光光度法、色谱法等分析仪器进行恶臭物质的定性定量分析外,还需以人的鼻子为检测器对恶臭样品进行嗅觉测定,以评价恶臭对人的感官影响。本文比较全面地介绍了恶臭的测定方法和仪器,客观地评价各种测试技术。     

湿地土壤Fe与N耦合过程研究进展

地球系统的耦合过程研究是目前地球表层系统地理过程研究的重点内容,湿地是地球表层生态系统重要的组成部分.湿地土壤季节性或长期处于积水的厌氧状态,这一厌氧环境中的Fe、N在氧化还原过程中存在微生物作用下的耦合过程.这种耦合过程主要表现在3个方面,即微生物利用NO 3-氧化Fe2+、利用Fe3+氧化NH 4+以及湿地厌氧土壤中NO 3-对于Fe3+还原的抑制作用.这一耦合过程的研究对于认识湿地中Fe、N的循环具有重要意义.文章从3个方面综述了湿地土壤Fe与N耦合过程的研究现状.总体看来,目前对于NO 3-氧化Fe2+方面的研究较另外两方面更深入,因此应加强Fe3+氧化NH 4+的微生物机制、Fe与N耦合过程的综合评价等方面的研究,从而为人们更好地了解和掌握湿地生物地球化学循环过程提供理论依据.     

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions by manganese oxide coated zeolite: discussion of adsorption isotherms and pH effect

This paper discusses the adsorption properties for uranium(VI) by manganese oxide coated zeolite (MOCZ). The removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto MOCZ in a single-component system with various contact times, pH, competitive ions, temperatures and initial concentrations of uranium(VI) was investigated. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and the three-parameter Redlich-Peterson model isotherms to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model. Both the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were found to best represent the measured adsorption data. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity of uranium(VI) ions onto MOCZ was 15.1 mg g(-1) at 293K and pH 4.0. Using the thermodynamic equilibrium constants obtained at different temperatures, various thermodynamic parameters, such as DeltaG(0), DeltaH(0) and DeltaS(0), have been calculated. The thermodynamics of uranium(VI) ion/MOCZ system indicates the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. It was noted that an increase in temperature resulted in a higher uranium loading per unit weight of the adsorbent.     

国外防护眼镜的现状与发展趋势

防护眼镜是保护眼睛的重要单兵装备,本文分析了眼部伤害的主要因素,介绍了外军防护眼镜的发展现状,探讨了军用防护眼镜的发展趋势。     

苏州市沙尘天气下灰霾污染规律研究

结合2010年苏州市出现的一次典型沙尘天气,利用环境空气自动监测数据、气象观测数据及后向轨迹模型等资料,对此次沙尘污染过程进行分析,探究苏州沙尘天气下灰霾污染的规律.结果表明:苏州沙尘天气主要是北方冷空气活动频繁,高空维持较强西北气流造成沙尘颗粒物长程传输造成的;沙尘影响过程中环境空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度明显升高,其他灰霾特征污染物也有所增长,大气能见度降低并伴随城市灰霾现象发生.     

Nutrient utilization by Casuarina equisetifolia plantation of different ages in the tropical coastal area of South China北大核心CSCD

Casuarina equisetifolia plantation plays a key role in protecting coastal areas from hazardous climate. However, the plantations in the tropical coastal area of south China have degraded severely in recent years. This research aimed to investigate the nutrient status of the plantation ecosystem along a chronological sequence. The results showed that different parts of the Casuarina equisetifolia had very similar level of Carbon (C), 448-462 g kg-1 in the branch and trunk, 416-430 g kg-1 in the leaf and shed leaf, 320-391 g kg-1 in the fine root. Carbon content did not vary with the plantation age. High fine root biomass did not definitely lead to high soil carbon stock. Casuarina equisetifolia had Nitrogen (N) content of 9.9-11.9 g kg-1, with the highest N found in the leaf and fine root. The Phosphorus (P) content was in the order of leaf > fine root > trunk. The plantation in fast growth period of age 6 had the lowest N and P. The soil of 3-year plantation had the highest P content among the 4 age classes, which also resulted in the highest soil C and N content in plantation of 3 years among all. However, the C and N stock of the sandy soil was extremely low compared to normal soil of the region. Soil N was weakly correlated with leaf N, but soil P not correlated with leaf P. Except for the obvious dynamics of C/N and C/P ratios in the leaf, which showed a peak in 6-year plantations, the C/N and C/P ratios of different organs did not change with the plantation age. Casuarina equisetifolia retranslocated nutrients from aging leaf at a rate of 18-30% for N and 43-58% for P. The nutrient resorption efficiency was not correlated with nutrient level in either soil or plant. In summary, Casuarina equisetifolia has low level of nutrient status. The plantation growth is limited by N and P in young period, but by P in relatively older period.     

双线地铁盾构隧道的拟静力弹塑性抗震分析∗

目前地铁抗震设计规范中常用的地下结构抗震设计方法主要是位移响应法和应变传递法。这两种方法都是基于弹性假设,不能体现土体和地下结构的非线性。在刘晶波提出的地下结构Pushover分析方法的基础上,利用自主编制的一维土层地震反应分析软件APALS给出了随着地震动幅值增大而逐渐变化的地震荷载加载模式,并针对实际的双线地铁盾构隧道进行了拟静力弹塑性抗震分析,对其抗震性能进行了评价。结果表明:(1)隧道内力趋于一个极限值;(2)隧道的内力在θ=45°、135°、225°和315°的位置最大;(3)在隧道尚未破坏时,隧道周围的土层已经先达到破坏状态。     

LPG充装站紧急切断阀失效模式分析

紧急切断阀作为LPG充装站的重要安全附件之一,当遇到突发情况时,可远程控制紧急切断阀迅速关闭,避免事故的进一步蔓延。若LPG充装站紧急切断阀安装位置不合理,或缺乏定期检验检查与维护保养,均可能导致紧急切断失效。通过对LPG充装站紧急切断阀的工作原理及安装位置,常见失效模式分析及预防,定期检验检查及维护保养注意事项进行详细研究,为LPG充装站对紧急切断阀进行年度检查及维护保养和相关检验单位进行定期检验提供参考。     

浅谈如何做好班组安全教育

班组是企业最基层的单位,是企业安全管理的前沿阵地,是搞好企业安全生产的基础。班组安全管理是一项系统工程,需要班组安全教育、安全生产、劳动保护,工业卫生、安全检查等多环节多方面的努力。其中,班组安全教育对于班组安全管理而言,是前提和基础。     

浅析非煤矿山企业安全管理措施

非煤矿山是指开采金属矿石、放射性矿石以及作为石油化工原料、建筑材料、辅助原料、耐火材料及其他非金属矿物（煤炭除外）的矿山。大多数矿山企业的生产规模较小,技术装备水平不高,作业环境相对较差,伤亡事故时有发生。