Trapping and decomposing of color compounds from recycled water by TiO2 coated activated carbon

Five types of commercially available activated carbons (ACs) were coated with TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared using a sol–gel method. Color and trace organics remaining in the actual treated effluent were adsorbed by TiO₂ coated ACs. The absorbed organic compounds were then decomposed using a photocatalytic process, and the ACs were regenerated for reuse. The efficiency of the process was assessed by the characterization of true color and A₂₅₄ (the organics absorption at the wavelength of 254 nm) at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The effects of UV light source, UV irradiation time, hydrogen peroxide and ultrasound on the efficiency of photocatalytic regeneration were also investigated. Significant differences in the efficiency were observed between uncoated ACs and TiO₂ coated samples. Among the 5 types of ACs tested, AC-3, AC-4 and their coated ones achieved better efficiency in color and A₂₅₄ removal, with around 90% or more color and A₂₅₄ being removed within 1 h of treatment. The data obtained in this study also demonstrated that the photocatalytic process was effective for decomposing the adsorbed compounds and regenerating the spent TiO₂/AC-3. Finally, it was found that this regeneration process could be greatly enhanced with the assistance of H₂O₂ and ultrasound by reducing the required regeneration time.     

城市生活垃圾并流竖炉焚烧模拟实验研究

气化熔融焚烧技术能够避免重金属和二恶英的二次污染,被公认为实现零排放和环境友好型的焚烧方法。在这样的背景下提出了生活垃圾并流竖炉气化熔融焚烧工艺。该工艺以竖炉为气化熔融主体设备,垃圾料层与助燃空气在炉内都是至上而下并流流动,从而使垃圾热解气化产生的可燃气体在竖炉下部完全燃烧,以提供灰渣熔融耗热。并流竖炉热态模拟试验表明,并流时垃圾料层中各点的温度明显高于逆流情况,并流时产生的CO₂量明显高于逆流情况。因此说并流竖炉更适合气化熔融焚烧工艺的要求。     

SBR-BAF工艺处理效能的试验研究

根据生物除磷和脱氮的机理,污水的脱氮除磷存在基质竞争和泥龄等方面的矛盾。为了分析和解决这个问题,设计开发了一种新的污水生物处理工艺——SBR-BAF复合工艺,并以模拟城市生活污水为处理对象对该工艺的处理效能进行了考察。试验结果表明,系统对COD（不计BAF加入的外碳源）、TP、NH⁺₄-N和TN的平均去除率分别为96%、98%、93%和84%,出水中COD、TP、NH⁺₄-N和TN的平均浓度分别为20、0.23、3.24和7.68 mg/L,各项水质指标均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002 ) 规定的一级标准中的A标准。     

沸腾炉大气污染物的生成与排放特征分析

以20台沸腾炉(功率小于等于60 MW)的燃料特性分析数据和大气污染物的排放实测数据为基础,利用统计分析方法,研究了燃烧过程中排放的颗粒物(PM)、SO_2和NO_x初始排放浓度的影响因素,分析了沸腾炉PM、SO_2和NO_x排放现状,探讨了我国中小型沸腾炉PM、SO_2和NO_x排放管理控制的潜力和可行性.实验结果表明:在锅炉运行负荷大于等于80%的条件下,中小型沸腾炉PM的初始排放浓度基本上不受锅炉出力、过量空气系数和燃煤灰分含量的影响;燃煤的硫含量越高,SO_2初始排放浓度越高;过量空气系数越大,燃煤挥发分越低,NO_x初始排放浓度越高.     

熔融碱法处理CFC-12的研究

采用熔融碱法处理CFC-12,考察了不同因素对于CFC-12转化率的影响。结果表明：当进口气体浓度300-2527 mg/m3时,在有水蒸汽,反应温度720℃,温度越高越有利于CFC-12的转化,NaOH用量60 g,气体流量25mL/min处理效果好,CFC-12的转化率达到90%。而且CFC-12的分解产物被NaOH吸收固化,实现了CFC-12的无害化处理。     

2014年2月下旬京津冀持续重污染过程的静稳天气及传输条件分析

利用常规气象观测资料、空气质量监测资料、再分析资料和数值模式资料,分析了2014年2月20-26日京津冀地区持续重污染天气过程的环流背景、气象要素特征、静稳天气条件和传输条件.结果表明：2月20-26日,亚洲东部受弱高压脊控制,京津冀及周边地区位于地面高压后部,等压线较为稀疏,气压梯度小,造成地面风速较小;与此同时,混合层高度低,通风系数小和逆温存在,构成重污染天气出现和维持的气象条件,均不利于大气中污染物和水汽的垂直和水平扩散.静稳天气指数对于重污染天气有一定的指示意义,高静稳天气指数通常对应高PM_2.5浓度,且二者变化趋势一致性高;2月20-26日静稳天气指数总体上大于2014年1-3月其他几次污染过程,且在高位长时间维持,造成此次污染过程更严重.此外,传输条件也是京津冀重污染天气的主要成因：地面高压西侧的偏南或偏东气流有助于污染物和水汽向京津冀地区输送和聚集,使能见度进一步降低、污染物浓度进一步升高.     

自来水中强致突变物MX的测定

MX[3-氯-4-(二氯甲基)-5-羟基-2(5H)-呋喃酮]是饮用水氯化消毒过程中产生的具有强致突变作用的副产物.实验利用XAD-8吸附树脂对江苏省癌症高发区自来水中的MX进行了富集,饱和BF₃-CH₃OH溶液衍生化,并用GC/MS测定.结果发现,除个别点MX含量较高外,其余浓度在0.58～20.0ng·L^-范围之内.同一采样点枯水期浓度要高于平水期.     

The interference of 2-chloro-5-oxo-3-hexene diacyl chloride (COHC) in the detection of strong mutagen MX

Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the impact of cadmium (Cd) on survival of Diplostomum sp. cercariae. Freshly emerged cercariae were exposed to Cd solutions at concentrations ranging between 0.2 and 200 microg/l. The mortality patterns and mean survival times (MSTs) of the exposed parasites were determined by the Kaplan-Meier estimator and were compared (Log-Rank test) to corresponding patterns and estimators of the unexposed controls. Cd concentrations >20 microg/l caused statistically significant changes in the mortality pattern of Diplostomum sp. cercariae and reduced MST by at least five hours compared to the control group, where MST was 52 h. The results show that longevity of the free-living Diplostomum sp. cercariae can be reduced by direct exposure to heavy metals. Cd contamination of aquatic habitats thus potentially can have an impact on parasite populations and communities.     

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by catalysts derived from water treatment plant sludge for the simultaneous removal of Disperse Blue 56 and phosphates

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, calcined water treatment plant sludge (C-WTPS) was used as a catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to simultaneously remove...     

O3 oxidation combined with semi-dry method for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of sintering/pelletizing flue gas

With the vigorous development of China's iron and steel industry and the introduction of ultra-low emission policies,the emission of pollutants such as SO2 and ...