经过水泥固化的重金属废物的穿透渗漏实验

采用穿透渗漏实验方法研究了经水泥固化的重金属废物的长期渗漏行为。用由Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋和Ｃｒ＾６＋５种重金属组成的合成废物样品进行２组实验。实验研究了渗漏实验液流速、ＰＨ的变化和金属渗漏能力对固体废物长期渗漏行为的影响。     

依靠科学技术提高安全能力

北京作为国际大都市,在持续深入进行改革开放、加快市场经济建设和加紧筹办奥运等多方面经济因素的影响,整个城市进入了前所未有的高速发展阶段.与此同时,北京市的公共安全和生产安全问题也更加突出.2004年2月5日北京市密云县密虹公园发生严重的游人踩踏事故,造成37人死亡,15人受伤;6月6日,北京大安山煤矿塌冒事故,10名矿工全部遇难;6月9日,北京京民大厦发生火灾,造成11人死亡,37人受伤…….2004年北京市共发生交通肇事、生产安全、火灾死亡事故共1798起,有1980人死于非命.     

Relationship between heavy metal concentrations of herbaceous plants and soils at four Pb-Zn mining sites in Yunnan, China

This paper studied the relationship between heavy metal concentrations of herbaceous plants and soils at four Pb-Zn mining sites in Yunnan, China. 50 herbaceous plant samples of 9 plant species from 4 families and 50 soil samples were collected and then ana1yzed for the tota1 concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn. The results showed that the average concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in soil samples were 3772.83, 168.81, and 5385.65 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn were 395.68, 28.14, and 1664.20 mg/kg in the shoots, and 924.12, 57.25, and 1778.75 mg/kg in the roots, respectively. Heterospecific plants at the same site and conspecific plants at various sites had different average levels of Pb, Cd, and Zn, both in the shoots and the roots. Enrichment coefficients of Pb, Cd, and Zn were greater than 1 in 2, 3, and 9 herbaceous plant samples, respectively. Translocation factors of Pb, Cd, and Zn were greater than 1 in 10, 17, and 25 herbaceous plant samples, respectively. In all 50 samples, the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn between the shoots and the roots, the shoots, and the soils, and the roots and the soils had significant positive relationships.     

抚顺市降水化学组份特征分析

对 2 0 0 2年 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 3月抚顺市的降水化学组份及时空分布特征进行了分析。抚顺地区降水是以硫酸型污染为主。抚顺市降水中主要阳离子组份是Ca2 + 、NH4 + ,主要阴离子组份是SO4 2 - 和NO3- 。由多元逐步回归分析可知抚顺市降水中NO3- 是酸化剂 ,Ca2 + 是碱化剂 ,对方程起作用的因子大小顺序是Ca2 + >Na+ >NO3- 。     

氢化物-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中硒

通过对比实验选择了最佳的仪器测定条件、主要试剂的浓度及土壤的前处理方式。实验结果表明：采用HN03-HClO4酸体系在沙浴中对土壤进行消解，硒的检出限为0．02mg/kg；线性范围为0ug/L～200ug/L；平均回收率可达100％～103％。方法经土壤国家标准物质中硒的测定验证，结果与标准值相符。     

Gaseous emissions from compressed natural gas buses in urban road and highway tests in China

The natural gas vehicle market is rapidly developing throughout the world, and the majority of such vehicles operate on compressed natural gas(CNG). However, most studies on the emission characteristics of CNG vehicles rely on laboratory chassis dynamometer measurements, which do not accurately represent actual road driving conditions. To further investigate the emission characteristics of CNG vehicles, two CNG city buses and two CNG coaches were tested on public urban roads and highway sections. Our results show that when speeds of 0–10 km/hr were increased to 10–20 km/hr, the CO_2, CO, nitrogen oxide(NO_x), and total hydrocarbon(THC) emission factors decreased by(71.6 ± 4.3)%,(65.6 ± 9.5)%,(64.9 ± 9.2)% and(67.8 ± 0.3)%, respectively. In this study, The Beijing city buses with stricter emission standards(Euro Ⅳ) did not have lower emission factors than the Chongqing coaches with Euro Ⅱ emission standards. Both the higher emission factors at 0–10 km/hr speeds and the higher percentage of driving in the low-speed regime during the entire road cycle may have contributed to the higher CO_2 and CO emission factors of these city buses. Additionally, compared with the emission factors produced in the urban road tests, the CO emission factors of the CNG buses in highway tests decreased the most(by 83.2%), followed by the THC emission factors, which decreased by 67.1%.     

沈阳市冬季一次典型大气污染过程特征和成因分析

2013年11月18日~25日沈阳地区出现一次典型空气污染过程。采用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS),并结合气象条件分析了该次污染的成因和细颗粒物的污染特征。结果表明,不利于污染物扩散的气象条件是重污染发生的主要原因,低空排放的积累可能是造成这次污染的又一重要原因。从细颗粒物成分上看,污染过程中有机碳颗粒占比明显增加,有机物污染较为严重,颗粒物间混合加剧;从来源上看,机动车尾气、工业排放和燃煤的占比较高。     

被关在笼子里的感觉是什么

“收获真不小呀！”我赶紧叫爸爸出去买了一个鸟笼子,高兴地把捉到的小麻雀放了进去。真没想到,到公园来玩儿,还能捉到麻雀！看这个小家伙,进了笼子,一个劲儿地又蹦又跳,小翅膀一扇一扇的。肯定是想逃出去。这可不行,你走了,谁和我玩儿呢？ 　　到了家,我找来些小米,放到小麻雀的“碗”里,还给它的“杯子”里加了一些干净的水。这样你就不会饿也不会渴了,我轻轻地对它说。小家伙真奇怪,不吃也不喝,只是瞪着黑亮的小眼睛,使劲儿往外撞。实在累了,就缩着身子,躲在笼子的角落里。 　　吃完饭,我看了一会儿电视,又逗了一会儿…     

适应信息化发展要求,努力实现PPE标准制修订科学化和正规化管理——PPE标准化技术委员会标准全程控制系统介绍

PPE标准化技术委员会标准全程控制系统是基于互联网的PPE信息管理系统平台。该系统采用便捷的B/S架构,利用先进的计算机信息技术,将标准制修订的全过程集成到一个系统中,使标准的制修订流程实现了全程自动化管理,极大地方便了标准制修订各个环节的工作,提高了PPE标准化工作的管理水平,促进了整个行业信息化的发展,确保了国家标准计划按期高水平的完成。     

个体防护装备创新研制探析

个体防护装备是保障从业者人身安全的重要保护装备,研制性能优异的保护装备、装具和防护用品,可保障从业人员的作业安全。如何更好的感知危险因素,预防安全事故的发生,实现从业人员快速撤离的主动式个体防护技术及装备将成为研究重点。本文提出主动式个体防护装备的创新研制需立足危险因素及作业人员这两个关键环节,实现危险因素信息与作业人员信息的实时感知、高效互通、快速预警与处置,进而实现个体防护装备从被动防护到主动防护的深刻变革。