应用神经网络对地下水反硝化效果预测与验证

应用人工神经网络对生物脱氮工艺进行预测并验证。采用工艺参数如COD、NO3-N、NO2-N、DO等作为输入节点,COD、NO3-N作为输出节点。结果显示神经网络能够较好地预报出水的水质参数。出水硝酸盐和COD预测结果与试验结果符合得较好,相对误差分别在10％和5％范围内。     

Treatment of phosphorus waste water using crystallization method

Phosphorus is the restrictive factor of water eutrophication and phosphorus removal is the key point to control this phenomenon. It's also important to recover phosphorus resource from wastewater. Crystallization method was used to treat and recycle high concentration phosphorus wastewater, the selection of organic solvent, influence of volume ratio of organic solvent and wastewater, precipitation time and stirring speed on the production of crystal and its structure was investigated. Experimental results indicate that, with ethanol as extractant, under the condition of volume ratio of ethanol to wastewater being 1.5:1 and stirring speed about 200 r/min, crystal precipitated fast with fine crystal shape and purity, phosphorus removal efficiency more than 85% was obtained.     

牡丹江流域农业面源污染特征及防治对策研究

牡丹江流域农业面源污染的贡献值大于点源污染。农业面源污染的主要来源中,农田化肥的污染贡献最大,其次是畜禽粪便、生活污水、生活垃圾。区域污染贡献比例中,COD贡献值按大小顺序依次为宁安市、牡丹江市、林口县、海林市。NH3-N、TN、TP贡献值按大小顺序依次为宁安市、林口县、海林市、牡丹江市。结合牡丹江流域农业面源污染的构成特点和现存问题,提出切实可行的农业面源污染防治对策。     

汽车发动机超声清洗废水处理实验研究

汽车发动机超声清洗废水中含有有机油、表面活性剂等物质,呈黑色,COD较高,较难处理。本实验采用化学絮凝法对其进行处理,取得了良好的效果。实验结果表明,在pH 7.2~8.2范围内,向样品中投入PAC400 mg/L,PAM50 mg/L,氯化钙200 mg/L时,处理效果明显,COD去除率达到96.7%。     

脱氮硫杆菌自养反硝化及其影响因素研究进展

简要回顾了近几十年来利用脱氮硫杆菌进行自养反硝化及其影响因素方面的研究成果,阐述了接种脱氮硫杆菌的自养反硝化系统的应用范围和主要影响因素的研究现状。其中对一些与自养反硝化应用及其影响因素相关的重要问题、近年来研究的热点问题,如硫磺颗粒粒径影响、硫磺/石灰石的体积比、进水硫化物/硝酸盐的摩尔比、水力停留时间、有毒物质的影响以及脱氮动力学模型的建立进行了重点分析。指出了利用脱氮硫杆菌进行自养反硝化目前存在的一些技术方面的问题及其解决途径,并对其今后的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

水蕴草对不同程度富营养化水体中氮磷去除能力的研究

通过静态模拟试验,研究了沉水植物水蕴草[Elodeadensa（Planch.）Casp.]对5种不同程度富营养化水体中氮、磷的去除能力。实验结果表明,水蕴草在5种不同程度富营养化水体中均能正常生长,且对水体中的氮、磷均表现出良好的净化效果。5种不同程度富营养化水体的TN、NO₃-N、NH₄-N、TP浓度分别由初始的3～36、2.25～27、1.2～9、1.2～14.4 mg/L降至0.29～6.82、0.3～5.8、0～1.035、0.022～5.51 mg/L。在模拟的不同营养浓度条件下,水蕴草对5种水体中TN、NO₃-N、NH₄-N、TP的累积去除率分别为:17%～28%、62%～88%、30%～70%、60%～100%。研究同时发现,水蕴草可以较好地净化不同程度的富营养化水体,并能保持清洁水体水质。     

典型抗生素与群体感应抑制剂对费氏弧菌的三元慢性联合毒性

群体感应抑制剂(quorum sensing inhibitor,QSIs)广泛应用之后与环境中现有抗菌药物共存的趋势不可避免。为了评价QSIs和现有抗菌药物共存所引起的生态环境效应,本文以费氏弧菌(Vibrio fischeri)作为模式生物,磺胺类抗生素磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)、磺胺类增效剂甲氧苄嘧啶(TMP)和群体感应抑制剂4-溴-5-溴亚甲基-2(5氢)-呋喃酮(FC-30)为研究对象,测定了以上3个化合物对Vibrio fischeri的单一/混合慢性毒性效应。单一慢性毒性结果表明,3个化合物的毒性大小如下:FC-30SCPTMP,混合慢性毒性结果表明三元混合体系联合效应为拮抗。进一步分析可知,SCP+FC-30和TMP+FC-30两个混合体系的拮抗作用是三元混合体系为拮抗效应的根本原因。最后指出,因为SCP、TMP和FC-30的三元混合体系是拮抗作用,所以从环境生态风险角度分析,三者联合用药对环境的影响小于单一用药。     

Cation exchange resin supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for removal of phosphorus in rainwater runoff

Self-made cation exchange resin supported nanoscale zero-valent iron （R-nZVI） was used to remove phosphorus in rainwater runoff. 80% of phosphorus in rainwater runoff from grassland was removed with an initial concentration of 0.72 mg. L-1 phosphorus when the dosage of R-nZVl is 8 g per liter rainwater, while only 26% of phosphorus was removed when using cation exchange resin without supported nanoscale zero-valent iron under the same condition. The adsorption capacity of R-nZVI increased up to 185 times of that of the cation exchange resin at a saturated equilibrium phosphorous concentration of 0.42 mg. L-1. Various techniques were implemented to characterize the R-nZVI and explore the mechanism of its removal of phosphate. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） indicated that new crystal had been formed on the surface of R-nZVI. The result from inductive coupled plasma （ICP） indicated that 2.1% of nZVI was loaded on the support material. The specific surface area was increased after the load of nanoscale zero-valent iron （nZVI）, according to the measurement of BET-N2 method. The result of specific surface area analysis also proved that phosphorus was removed mainly through chemical adsorption process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis showed that the new product obtained from chemical reaction between phosphate and iron was ferrous phosphate.     

氧化沟工艺低氧同步脱氮启动研究

在常温条件下,采用小试Pasveer氧化沟处理低C/N实际污水,通过控制好氧区平均ρ(DO)为0.2～0.4 mg/L,保持好氧区与缺氧区体积比为1∶1,成功实现低氧脱氮过程。其中,模式1先接种好氧污泥并逐渐降低好氧区DO,然后接种缺氧污泥;模式2初始阶段保持低氧环境,并直接接种好氧和缺氧混合污泥。结果显示:两种方式均能成功启动低氧脱氮并保持较高的脱氮率;同时,当C/N值为1.94时,氨氮去除率较高;当C/N值为3.00时,总氮去除率较高,低氧低碳条件下脱氮效果较好。     

Low-cost and efficient adsorbent derived from pyrolysis of Jatropha curcas seeds for the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions

Biochar, is a low-cost material that can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals. In this study, a low-cost and efficient adsorbent synthesised from Jatropha curcas seeds was used for the uptake of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solutions. The as-prepared adsorbent was characterised by scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis post calcination at 500 °C, its BET surface area and total pore volume were 39.62?m²?g^?1 and 0.049?m³?g^?1, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of initial pH of the solution, contact time, and adsorbent material dosage on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ by the prepared adsorbent were investigated. The as-prepared adsorbent exhibited a high performance, with a maximum adsorption amount of 32.895?mg?g^?1 for Cu²⁺ at pH 5.0 and 25 °C, owing to the presence of ?OH, C=O, C–O, Si-O-Si, and O-Si-O on its surface. The predominant Cu²⁺ adsorption mechanism was assumed to be ion exchange. Notably, the Cu²⁺ adsorption could attain equilibrium within 90?min. In addition, the fact that the Langmuir model was a better fit than the Freundlich model for the isotherm data of Cu²⁺ adsorption by the as-prepared adsorbent suggested that the adsorption of Cu²⁺ was a monolayer adsorption process.