Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals

A novel nanoadsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions is reported.Cotton was first hydrolyzed to obtain cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs).CNCs were then chemically modified with succinic anhydride to obtain SCNCs.The sodic nanoadsorbent(NaSCNCs) was further prepared by treatment of SCNCs with saturated NaHCO 3 aqueous solution.Batch experiments were carried out with SCNCs and NaSCNCs for the removal of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+.The effects of contact time,pH,initial adsorption concentration,coexisting ions and the regeneration performance were investigated.Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ was reached within 150 min on SCNCs and 5 min on NaSCNCs.The adsorption capacities of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ on SCNCs and NaSCNCs increased with increasing pH.The adsorption isotherm was well fitted by the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacities of SCNCs and NaSCNCs for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ were 367.6 mg/g,259.7 mg/g and 465.1 mg/g,344.8 mg/g,respectively.SCNCs and NaSCNCs showed high selectivity and interference resistance from coexisting ions for the adsorption of Pb 2+.NaSCNCs could be efficiently regenerated with a mild saturated NaCl solution with no loss of capacity after two recycles.The adsorption mechanisms of SCNCs and NaSCNCs were discussed.     

臭氧高级氧化法处理化工废水的进展研究

单独臭氧氧化降解化工废水的效率较低,为提高降解效率,研究者们开发了O3/UV、O3/H2O2、O3催化氧化等组合工艺,不仅能够对难降解有机物进行降解,而且最终生成无害的氧气.关于O3/UV、O3/H2O2、O3催化氧化这三种臭氧高级氧化法处理化工废水的协同机理及一些研究进展取得了一定成效,分别阐述了研究者们对各方法一些应用研究,对臭氧高级氧化在化工废水处理领域的应用前景进行了概述.     

Fenton试剂深度处理阿维菌素废水

采用Fenton试剂对阿维菌素废水好氧处理出水进行深度处理,通过正交和单因素试验,考察了初始反应pH值、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量和反应时间对废水COD去除率的影响。试验结果表明,最佳反应条件为初始反应pH值3.0、30%H2O2投加量5‰、0.5 mol/L FeSO4投加量1%和反应时间40 min,COD去除率达75%以上,出水ρ(COD)<120 mg/L,可满足GB 21903-2008《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》表2的排放标准要求。     

沙颍河沈丘段底泥、土壤中砷及重金属污染与潜在生态风险评价

为查明沙颍河沈丘段底泥、土壤中砷(As)和重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险,对底泥和土壤样品中的砷(As)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)的含量水平进行测定,并进行潜在生态风险指数计算。结果表明,沙颍河沈丘段底泥中As含量为9.206～11.641mg·kg-1,距河5km的白果村农田土壤中As含量为8.52～80.31mg·kg-1,超标率达到57.8%,Cr、Hg、Cd和Pb的超标率分别达到32.8%、59.4%、67.2%和39.1%。沙颍河沈丘段底泥和附近村庄农田土壤中As和4种重金属的总潜在生态风险为中等生态风险,主要来源于Hg和As。     

水污染源废水流量比对监测

介绍了中国水污染源排放口建设的基本要求,阐述了排放口各种堰槽构造和选用时应注意的问题,简要叙述了明渠流量计和管道流量计的测量原理,说明了各种流量计的安装要点、使用、雏护注意事项,以及流量比对监测方法和比对监测技术要求,各种流量计运行维护的质量控制和质量保证,并提出相关建议。     

含硫酸盐有机废水的厌氧生物处理

本文对硫酸盐在废水的厌氧生物处理过程中的影响进行了综述.着重论述了厌氧消化中硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷茵竞争基质的机理,硫化物对甲烷菌的抑制作用,并介绍含硫酸盐废水的处理工艺,及厌氧出水中硫化物去除的方法.     

Preliminary study of phosphorus runoff and drainage from a paddy field in the Taihu Basin

An investigation into phosphorus runoff and drainage from a paddy field was carried out at Changshu Agricultural Ecological Station of CAS during the year 2000. According to the preliminary study, some results indicated: (1) Total phosphorus (TP) content of regular irrigation water was 19 times higher than TP content of P0 (zero rate of P fertilization) stand water. This indicates that paddy fields are a potential source of phosphorus pollution by runoff and drainage into the Taihu Lake Basin (TLB); (2) During the first 10 days after phosphate fertilizer application, the TP concentration of stand water in the paddy field was very high, therefore this was the high risk period for Taihu Lake phosphorus contamination; (3) Four mathematical models of P losses from a paddy field in the TLB are developed. These are based on data for the year 2000, but they will be improved as more data is acquired in future years.     

关于安全经济学的分析与探讨

论述了安全经济学的概念、基础，及其在安全科学体系结构中的地位和作用，提出了研究的主要内容和方法。     

造纸废水处理人工湿地系统规划研究

造纸废水是最难治理的废水之一，现在处理技术上并没有得到最大突破；但在土地资源相对比较丰富的地区，通过对处理废水人工湿地系统的合理规划与设计，可以实现污染的零排放，并最终使污水资源化。本文对射阳双灯纸厂造纸废水处理人工湿地系统进行研究，提出合理的废水处理工艺流程与设计，以期达到经济发展与环境保护的协同。     

淮河入海水道南泓生态工程规划研究

在“控制导流,清污两制”的战略指导下,借助淮河入海水道的水工设施,利用南泓作为三淮一洪地区城市污水的调度通道和生态处理场所,尾水最终入海。研究表明,南泓生态工程净化能力显著,基本不会对沿线环境卫生、地下水、下游地面水及海口生态构成影响,是淮阴市三淮一洪以至下游滨海、阜宁地区未来污水安全可靠的出路。