Microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic bioreactor fed by fruit vegetable wastes and wheat straw

The microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic reactor（ITPAR）were investigated by 16 S r DNA clone library technology. The 75 L reactor was designed with a 25 L rotating acidogenic unit at the top and a 50 L conventional upflow methanogenic unit at the bottom, with a recirculation connected to the two units. The reactor had been operated for 21 stages to co-digest fruit/vegetable wastes and wheat straw, which showed a very good biogas production and decomposition of cellulosic materials. The results showed that many kinds of cellulose and glycan decomposition bacteria related with Bacteroidales,Clostridiales and Syntrophobacterales were dominated in the reactor, with more bacteria community diversities in the acidogenic unit. The methanogens were mostly related with Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, Methanoculleus, Methanospirillum and Methanobacterium; the predominating genus Methanosaeta, accounting for 40.5%, 54.2%, 73.6% and 78.7% in four samples from top to bottom, indicated a major methanogenesis pathway by acetoclastic methanogenesis in the methanogenic unit. The beta diversity indexes illustrated a more similar distribution of bacterial communities than that of methanogens between acidogenic unit and methanogenic unit. The differentiation of methanogenic community composition in two phases, as well as pH values and volatile fatty acid（VFA） concentrations confirmed the phase separation of the ITPAR. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the special designing of ITPAR maintained a sufficient number of methanogens, more diverse communities and stronger syntrophic associations among microorganisms, which made two phase anaerobic digestion of cellulosic materials more efficient.     

一体化设备处理某乡镇微污染地下水工艺研究

针对乡镇地下水微污染的特点,研究石英砂一沸石过滤器、膜组件与紫外线消毒器一体化设备处理效果,当进水浊度在15—36NTU,出水浊度达0．2—0．5NTU,去除效率达98％-99．3％;进水氨氮浓度范围为0．4～1．4mg／L,反应3．5min后出水的氨氮浓度小于0．5mg／L;微生物指标去除率为100％。采用一体化设备处理乡镇微污染地下水可行。     

青岛市环境空气质量改善进程国际对比研究

针对青岛市建设宜居幸福国际城市战略目标,研究选取了新加坡、旧金山、大阪、香港、上海、深圳等10个国内外港口城市,对比分析了青岛市环境空气质量状况,并与典型国际发达国家污染物减排和环境质量改善进程进行了对比。结果表明:青岛市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2年均浓度与国际城市差距较大,改善任务艰巨;NO_2年均浓度相对较低,已达到与国际接轨的程度,并优于大部分国际对比城市。从国际大气污染物减排及环境空气质量改善进程来看,预计青岛市将在2025年全面达到国家环境空气质量二级标准。青岛市需加快环境空气质量改善进程,为建成宜居幸福的现代化国际城市提供优良的环境空气质量保障。     

Nickel carcinogenesis mechanism: cell cycle dysregulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nickel (Ni) is a widely distributed metal in the environment and an important pollutant due to its widespread industrial applications. Ni has various...     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅶ)物种相对多度的几何级数分布模型新算法

本文提出了物种相对多度几何级数分布模型的一种新算法即极大值算法,其公式如下: N′_i=N·G_b·(1-b)·b~(i-1) N_(max)/N=[(1-b)·b~(i-1)]/(1-b~s) 式中,N′_i为第i个物种的期望个体数目;N为实测总个体数;i=1,2,…,s为物种数目;C_b=(1-b~s)~(-1);b为参数;N_(max)为s个物种中最多个体数目。 结果表明:几何级数分布模型极大值算法与传统算法(即极小值算法)的结果完全一致,而且具有简便、准确之优点。     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅷ)——藏经殿森林群落学特征

南岳藏经殿森林群落内有维管束植物63科、102属、129种,属可以划分为以北温带、泛热带和东亚为主的13种分布类型。各占总属数的22.73％、21.59％和17.05％,总的情况是温性质为主,热带性质成分为辅:种可以划分为18种分布类型,其中以华夏、东亚和中国一日本为主,具有明显的“华东—华中”区系过渡性质。群落木本植物和草本植物各占65.12％和34.88％,在木本植物中,常绿成分和落叶成分各占32.15％和67.95％,群落可明显划分为乔、灌、草三层,它是一种尚未报道过的新群落类型。即包石栎—锐齿槲栎—甜槠+箬竹+求米草群丛,在更新演替过程中、群落仍将保持常绿落叶阔叶混交林性质,其优势种,亚优势种很可能会枝云和新木姜、尾叶山茶、山姜、多脉青冈、雷公鹅耳枥和长叶石栎等取代。     

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES ON THE BORDER OF THE EASTERN PARTS OF AREOGRAPHY OF MICHELIA YUNNANENSIS

This paper studies the morphological taxonomy, origination,ecological environment, floristic geography, community, regeneration,biomass.seed character,breeding and their biomass.and the relationship of the relative growth in the yearing seedling of Michelia yunnunensis, especially in the border of the eastern parts of the areography of Michelia vannanensis.     

Realizing stable operation of anaerobic ammonia oxidation at low temperatures treating low strength synthetic wastewater

The low activity of Anammox bacteria at low temperatures and competition from nitrite oxidation bacteria(NOB) when treating low strength wastewater have been major bottlenecks in implementing Anammox in mainstream wastewater treatment. By intermittent high strength feeding(IHSF) and stepwise temperature reduction, stable operation of a granular Anammox reactor was realized at low temperatures(down to 15°C) for 28 days when treating low strength synthetic wastewater. The nitrogen loading rate reached 1.23–1.34 kgN/m~3/day,and the total nitrogen removal rate reached 0.71–0.98 kgN/m~3/day. The IHSF enriched the Anammox sludge in high strength cycles and compensated for sludge loss in low strength cycles, and the high concentration of ammonium in high strength cycles inhibited NOB. The 16 SrRNA gene sequencing results revealed that Candidatus Kuenenia was predominant in the reactor at low temperatures.     

澳大利亚污水处理与再生水利用现状分析及经验

对澳大利亚水资源赋存现状、污水处理和再生水利用的历史与现状进行了详细整理与分析,梳理了澳大利亚污水处理与再生水利用发展历程、相关标准、政策和法律法规以及再生水利用典型案例。该经验可为我国开展再生水循环利用研究和工程实践提供重要指导和技术支撑。借鉴澳大利亚水回用技术与管理方法,我国可进一步发展污水再生深度处理技术与工艺,提高再生水生产品质,拓展再生水利用途径,通过浓度控制与处理工艺要求相结合提升再生水水质安全保障能力,建立健全污水资源化利用技术和管理标准体系。     

SPE-RRLC-MS/MS法测定制药废水中青霉素G

建立了利用固相萃取-高分离度快速液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-RRLC-MS/MS)测定制药废水中青霉素G残留的方法。水样以30%硫酸锌+20%亚铁氰化钾作为沉淀剂沉淀蛋白质后,上清液采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集和净化,以0.01 mol/L乙酸铵溶液(加0.1%甲酸)+乙腈作为流动相进行等度洗脱,经Agilent Plus C18柱分离后,在串联质谱ESI(+)源下进行MRM检测。该方法的青霉素G检出限(S/N=3)为0.02μg/L,目标物在0.0020～1.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.9997。在0.20,1.0,2.0μg/L添加水平平均回收率为74.6%～101.4%,相对标准偏差为4.49%～8.17%。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、定性定量准确,可满足制药废水中青霉素G残留检测的要求。