氟里昂替代品降解产物三氟乙酸的环境影响

氟里昂替代品在大气中的降解反应将产生大量的三氟乙酸,其在大气中可与ＯＨ 自由基反应生成三氟甲烷和二氧化碳,主要的去除机制是沉降和雨除,并在地面水中累积;本文还对其在地表水中的积累预测和背景值监测做了描述     

滚筒洗衣机箱体振动与噪声控制

为了减小滚筒洗衣机箱体的振动噪声,对滚筒洗衣机箱体进行了模态试验并识别出模态参数。然后建立了箱体的有限元模型,对其进行了计算模态分析。有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的正确性。依据模态分析结果,对洗衣机箱体进行改进,通过建立有限元模性进行谐响应分析,证明提高箱体刚度可以收到减振降噪效果。     

Concept and application of anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed （SGSB） reactor for wastewater treatment

Bed expansion serves an important function in the design and operation of an upflow anaerobic reactor. An analysis of the flow pattern of expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactors shows that most EGSB reactors do not behave as expanded bed reactors, as is widely perceived. Rather, these reactors behave as fluidized bed reactors based on the classic chemical reactor theory. In this paper, four bed expansion modes, divided as static bed, expanded bed, suspended bed, and fluidized bed, for bioreactors are proposed. A high-rate anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed （SGSB） reactor was then developed. The SGSB reactor is an upflow anaerobic reactor, and its expansion degree can be easily controlled within a range to maintain the suspended status of the sludge bed by controlling upfiow velocity. The results of the full-scale reactor confirmed that the use of SGSB reactors is advantageous. The full-scale SGSB reactor runs stably and achieves high COD removal efficiency （about 90%） at high loading rates （average 40 kg-COD·m^-3·d^-1, maximum to 52 kg·COD·m^-3 ·d^-1） based on the SGSB theory, and its expansion degree is between 22% and 37%.     

基于电化学反应原理的含铬工业废水处理技术

对于含重金属离子的工业废水处理来说,污染物的去除和回收往往是最重要的指标。以电化学反应原理为基础的污水处理新技术以其在金属回收利用方面的独特优越性引起了研究人员的很大兴趣。在分析中,从铬(VI)回收利用的角度出发,介绍了电化学技术处理含铬工业废水的基本电极反应,对外加电场存在与否的两种情况下的除铬(VI)机理进行了分析,介绍了各自的典型处理流程,并讨论了各自的主要影响因素。     

河道治理类工程环境影响评价——以北京市大兴区天堂河为例

本文以天堂河河道治理工程为例,综述了河道治理类工程施工期、运行期可能产生的各项环境影响,并提出相应的环境保护对策措施,旨在为以后的河道治理类工程环境影响评价提供参考。     

饮用水中蓝藻毒素污染研究进展

日趋严重的水体富营养化已成为全球性的环境问题，藻类及藻毒素给传统净水工艺带来了诸多不利影响，增加了水处理难度。对饮用水中蓝藻毒素去除技术进行了具体的论述，系统分析了各种技术的去除效果和局限性，并对藻毒素研究前景进行了展望。     

利用无色硫细菌氧化废水中硫化物的研究

本试验直接以硫酸盐还原相出水作为进水,采用升流式好氧生物膜反应器．在室温（１８—２２℃）条件下,研究了利用好氧无色硫细菌去除水中硫化物的可行性。试验表明,当硫化物容积负荷达到１２ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）（以Ｈ２Ｓ计,下同）．水力停留时间为２２ｍｉｎ．ｐＨ值为７—８、溶解氧浓度为５．０—５．５ｍｇ／Ｌ时,硫化物的去除率可达９０％以上,被去除的硫化物几乎全部转化为单质硫,同时有机物的去除率约为１０％。试验结果还表明,反应器内所需的溶解氧浓度和ｐＨ值的升高值分别与进水硫化物负荷和硫化物去除负荷里线性关系。     

拟除虫菊酯对大鼠脑片谷氨酸递质释放的影响

应用脑片放射性同位素标记神经递质释放实验,体外观察拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对大鼠额叶皮层脑片兴奋性氨基酸递质谷氨酸释放过程的影响。结果显示,在20μmol/L剂量下,4种拟除虫菊酯（溴氰菊酯、北京菊酯Ⅱ号、Ⅲ号和氯菊酯）对脑片静息态谷氨酸基础释放无明显作用。而化学结构中含氰基的拟除虫菊酯可促进额叶皮层脑片在50mol/LKCL去极化状态下谷氨酸的释放,与溶剂对照比较,溴氰菊酯（20μmol/L）可使脑片谷氨酸释放增加28.8％。     

Tributyltin chloride results in dorsal curvature in embryo development of Sebastiscus marmoratus via apoptosis pathway

Tributyltin (TBT) is a ubiquitous marine environmental contaminant characterized primarily by its reproductive toxicity. However, the embryotoxicity of TBT has not been extensively described, especially in fishes. The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental toxicity of waterborne TBT at environmental levels (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng L⁻¹ as Sn) on Sebastiscus marmoratus embryos. Our study showed that TBT reduced the hatchability and caused apparent morphological abnormalities including dorsal curvature, severely twisted tails and pericardial edema. In addition, localized apoptosis was found in the tail regions of embryos after TBT exposure. The study provided a possible mechanistic link between apoptosis and TBT-induced twisted tails abnormality. TBT exposure induced retinoid X receptor α expression in S. marmoratus embryos at the 0.1 and 1 ng L⁻¹ group, which would be responsible for the increasing apoptotic cells induced by TBT. The results of the present study have widespread implications for environmental ecological assessment, management and the etiology of developmental defects.     

曝气生物滤池效能关键影响因素研究进展

曝气生物滤池（BAF）是一种新型的生物氧化处理工艺,已被广泛应用于城市废水处理、中水回用及微污染源水的预处理。详细论述了目前国内外对BAF效能的关键影响因素,如填料、水力停留时间、进水底物、水温、曝气量与进水量比、反冲洗工艺、化学除磷药剂等的研究现状,并探讨了其今后的研究方向。