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1.
Meghann E. Jarchow Justin W. Rice Rebekah M. Ritson Sarah K. Hargreaves 《Sustainability Science》2011,6(2):253-254
Conference organizers are increasingly making efforts to reduce resource use at conferences, yet few responsibilities are
placed on attendees. We hosted an ecology conference and offered attendees a discount if they took a sustainability pledge
agreeing to reduce their resource use at the conference. In a post-conference survey, 83% of respondents reported fulfilling
the pledge, but 62% indicated that convenience was the biggest obstacle impeding their ability to continue the pledge during
and after the conference. We found great willingness by attendees to reduce resource use at and beyond our conference, and
facilitating their participation was an important part of our success. 相似文献
2.
/ The International Joint Commission (IJC) has overseen the implementation of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between Canada and the United States for 25 years. Part of its mandate has been to facilitate international cooperation among a diversity of stakeholders focusing on the "waters" and the "ecosystem." In the 1970s policy focused on phosphorus reduction and individual contaminants, with some efforts (after 1978) to take an ecosystem (ecological perspectives) approach. In the last 15 years human health effects from (real and perceived) environmental causes have received considerable recognition. By contrast, less concern has been expressed for what is traditionally considered "environment" issues (such as protecting fish species). This shift at the policy level is well illustrated in the manner in which human health is increasingly used as a way for mobilizing environmental agendas. This paper analyzes nine IJC biennial reports to track how the framing of Great Lakes issues has shifted from concern for its waters to concern for human neurobehavior and reproductive systems. Frame analysis is used to conceptualize the controversies that are expressed through the Great Lakes policy documents. The analysis of the reports also reveals a shift in operational frames, used by the IJC to mobilize decision-makers into action. 相似文献
3.
Jamie W. Baxter John D. Eyles Susan J. Elliott 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1999,42(4):501-525
This paper contributes to the noxious facilities siting literature by exploring some implications of adhering to some recommended principles and practices for competent siting. Through a qualitative case study of a landfill siting process in Peel (Ontario, Canada) three principles are critically assessed: trust; equity; and community participation. While laudable notions in principle, in practice they can impact each other in important ways which can (potentially) undermine the siting process. These impacts result mainly from the failure to achieve meaningful goals associated with one principle (e.g. community participation) which can exacerbate problems achieving goals associated with other principles (e.g. trust). The resulting discord can be further aggravated by the snowballing of adverse effects over time. In particular, practices for achieving trust and equity were adversely linked, as were the relationships between spatial equity and procedural equity and interregional and intraregional equity. These adverse synergisms were linked together with ineffective community participation which brought the process to a halt. Siting inertia (a process momentum difficult to redirect) and an inflexible siting context contributed to these conflicts. Implications for siting and further research are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Impediments to Integrated Urban Stormwater Management: The Need for Institutional Reform 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
Brown RR 《Environmental management》2005,36(3):455-468
It is now well established that the traditional practice of urban stormwater management contributes to the degradation of
receiving waterways, and this practice was more recently critiqued for facilitating the wastage of a valuable water resource.
However, despite significant advances in alternative “integrated urban stormwater management” techniques and processes over
the last 20 years, wide-scale implementation has been limited. This problem is indicative of broader institutional impediments
that are beyond current concerns of strengthening technological and planning process expertise. Presented here is an analysis
of the institutionalization of urban stormwater management across Sydney with the objective of scoping institutional impediments
to more sustainable management approaches. The analysis reveals that the inertia with the public administration of urban stormwater
inherently privileges and perpetuates traditional stormwater management practices at implementation. This inertia is characterized
by historically entrained forms of technocratic institutional power and expertise, values and leadership, and structure and
jurisdiction posing significant impediments to change and the realization of integrated urban stormwater management. These
insights strongly point to the need for institutional change specifically directed at fostering horizontal integration of
the various functions of the existing administrative regime. This would need to be underpinned with capacity-building interventions
targeted at enabling a learning culture that values integration and participatory decision making. These insights also provide
guideposts for assessing the institutional and capacity development needs for improving urban water management practices in
other contexts. 相似文献
5.
On 7 August 1998 truck bombs destroyed the US Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.(1) The response in both countries was characterised by an absence of incident command, limited pre-hospital care, a disorganised hospital response and a lack of transportation for those injured. In the next five years USD 50 million was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to alleviate the resulting suffering, support reconstruction and strengthen disaster preparedness capacity in the two countries. These two programmes have enhanced awareness of disaster management issues, improved training capacity, built response structures and provided material resources. Their design and implementation provide lessons for future disasters in developing countries. The assistance programmes evolved very differently. In Kenya the programme largely excluded the public sector and the potential for government coordination, while the Tanzanian programme concentrated heavily on central government and regional hospital structures-largely omitting the non-governmental or civil society sector. Excluding key stakeholders raises concerns about programme sustainability and the ability to respond effectively to future emergencies. 相似文献
6.
7.
In many regions of the world, biodiversity surveys are not routinely conducted prior to activities that lead to land conversion, such as development projects. Here we use top-down methods based on global range maps and bottom-up methods based on macroecological scaling laws to illuminate the otherwise hidden biodiversity impacts of three large hydroelectric dams in the state of Sarawak in northern Borneo. Our retrospective impact assessment finds that the three reservoirs inundate habitat for 331 species of birds (3 million individuals) and 164 species of mammals (110 million individuals). A minimum of 2100 species of trees (900 million individuals) and 17 700 species of arthropods (34 billion individuals) are estimated to be affected by the dams. No extinctions of bird, mammal, or tree species are expected due to habitat loss following reservoir inundation, while 4–7 arthropod species extinctions are predicted. These assessment methods are applicable to any data-limited system undergoing land-use change.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0683-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献8.
John Eyles Kathi Wilson Lisa Mu Sue Keller-Olaman Susan Elliott 《Local Environment》2013,18(10):981-998
This study examines lay perceptions of the environment and its perceived relation to health at three scales: the environment at large, the neighbourhood, and the home. Interviews were conducted with residents from two contrasting neighbourhoods in the industrial city of Hamilton, Canada. The results reveal variations in perceptions of the environment–health link between residents in the two study neighbourhoods as well as across the different scales. Air pollution and proximity to industry were frequently implicated in lay understandings of the general and neighbourhood environments. In contrast, the home environment was seen as relatively insulated and safe. Furthermore, personal control mechanisms (e.g. cleanliness) were believed to mitigate adverse health impacts in the home and yard while the general environment was seen to be outside of such control. The significance of the findings is discussed in terms of future research and policy relevance. 相似文献
9.
Eyles R Niyogi D Townsend C Benwell G Weinstein P 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(5):1820-1828
New Zealand's freshwater ecosystems are subject to microbial contamination from a predominantly agricultural landscape. This study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of the human pathogen Campylobacter in the lower Taieri River, South Island (New Zealand). Enumeration of thermophilic Campylobacter from river samples was performed using a most probable number (MPN) method. Seasonal variation in Campylobacter levels was evident, with higher median levels detected in summer, when human exposure through recreational water use is maximal. Campylobacter levels varied significantly among the 10 sampling sites, increasing below a major tributary entering the river and then showing a downstream decrease. These changes probably resulted from inputs from adjacent farms and instream Campylobacter losses (settling, death). Two main peaks in the flux of Campylobacter were observed, one in winter and one in summer. A decrease in notified cases of campylobacteriosis in the human population was observed when levels of Campylobacter at the main recreational bathing site on the river were low. Continuing land use change and intensification in New Zealand may lead to further increases in microbial contamination of freshwaters, and an associated increase in waterborne enteric diseases such as campylobacteriosis. 相似文献
10.
Jefferson Fox Rebekah Kanter Sanay Yarnasarn Methi Ekasingh Royce Jones 《Environmental management》1994,18(3):391-399
This research has two interrelated objectives. The first is to determine the extent to which a relationship exists between
farmer characteristics and farming practices in three villages in northern Thailand. The second is to use standard statistical
methods for incorporating spatial variables into the analysis and to assess the effects of these variables on farmer decision
making. The data base includes information on the location and size of villages, roads, streams, and fields; a digital elevation
model with information on elevation, slope, and aspect; and information keyed to individual fields on crops and cropping methods
and the ethnicity, income, and religion of farmers. The map data (517 plots) were entered into a computerized geographic information
systems (GIS). Results suggest several hypotheses about the relationships between land use and owner characteristics. More
significantly, the study concludes that spatial analysis appears to be most useful when the dependent variable is either continuous
or ordinal. The outlook is not quite as optimistic when the dependent variable is a nonordinal categorical variable. Before
spatial analysis can be applied regularly to social science data, better computational tools need to be developed. 相似文献