影响环保验收监测因素分析

三同时验收监测是建设单位竣工环保验收重要环节,通过对影响环保验收监测的因素分析,提出相应的对策,对提高环保验收监测效率和质量具有重要意义。     

The relationship between maternal perfluoroalkylated substances exposure and low birth weight of offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Some studies have shown that maternal perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) exposure may be associated with low birth weight (LBW) of offspring. We...     

有机氯农药的固相萃取实验条件研究

固相萃取技术是一种最常使用的样品制备方法,被广泛用于水样的预处理、空气中痕量有机化合物和生物样品中被测定组分的富集过程。实验使用全自动固相萃取仪萃取水中的有机氯农药类化合物,以空白加标回收率来评价固相萃取的富集效率,讨论了固相萃取实验条件的不同对样品萃取效率的影响。     

淀山湖沉积物中硒的存在形态及分布特征

对淀山湖沉积物中硒的存在形态，水平分布及垂直分布进行了探讨，研究了在自然条件下沉积物中硒的分布特征。结果表明淀山湖沉积物中硒的有机物－硫化物结合态及元素态是订的存在形态，占３３％￣５７％，且各形态硒的分布与环境因素密切相关。     

冷加载循环作用下煤样强度特性研究

为研究煤样强度与冷加载周期、表面裂隙宽度和裂隙体积变化量之间的关系,实验采用液氮作为制冷剂,对水饱和煤样进行1~5周期循环浸泡冷加载,使煤样原生裂隙结构发生损伤,通过拟合多项式揭示周期、表面裂隙宽度和裂隙体积变化量作为损伤因子对裂隙结构的损伤规律,构建损伤判据。结果表明:煤样随着循环冷加载周期的增加,表面裂隙宽度由微观向细观和宏观演化;循环冷加载4个周期为煤样冻裂和抗压的强度极限,2个周期为煤样裂隙饱和水吸附能力极限;冷加载对煤样的原生裂隙结构作用显著,使裂隙在膨胀拉应力作用下发生扩展,同时水结冰体积膨胀,对裂隙结构损伤产生了重要作用。     

318国道沿线芦山地震的震害特征与烈度区划探讨

针对318国道雅安市政府路段向西一直到二郎山隧道东端沿线两侧的芦山地震震害特征进行总结,并按照《中国地震烈度表》进行地震烈度区划,确定不同地震烈度圈的分界线。同时,将调查结果和中国地震局发布的四川省芦山"4·20"7.0级强烈地震烈度图进行比较。研究表明:318国道沿线地震烈度全部低于Ⅸ度,Ⅷ度区的边界以天全县始阳镇为界即往东约偏移3 km,Ⅶ度区的边界以天全县紫石乡为界即往东偏移约2 km,Ⅵ度区的边界以二郎山隧道东端为界即往东偏移约8 km。同时,根据不同地震烈度圈的分界线,结合微观震中的位置,采用椭圆拟合芦山地震各烈度的等值线,探讨不同地震烈度圈的长半轴、短半轴和面积等。     

电化学法去除有机污染物机理研究进展

电化学方法因其所具有的多功能性、操作简单、易于自动化并且具有环境兼容性等特点而倍受人们重视。近年来 ,国内外研究者对该方法在水处理中的应用进行了广泛的研究 ,并对有机污染物电化学降解机理提出了不同观点 ,本文对这些观点进行了分类 ,并对其中的主要观点进行论述     

蠕变-渗流耦合作用下水力冲孔周围煤体渗透率时空演化规律

为了研究水力冲孔周围煤体瓦斯运移规律,研究了水力冲孔周围煤体的应力、体积应变和孔径变化规律,建立了蠕变-渗流耦合作用下的水力冲孔周围煤体渗透率动态演化模型,揭示了水力冲孔周围煤体渗透率的时空演化规律,阐明了蠕变变形和基质收缩对渗透率的控制作用机理。研究结果表明:水力冲孔措施可以大幅度提高钻孔周围煤体的渗透率,在空间上煤体渗透率随距离呈负幂函数关系迅速降低（K=2×10-16 r -2.4）;在时间上煤体渗透率随抽采时间的延长而逐渐增大,但是增加梯度会逐渐降低;水力冲孔周围煤体渗透率的增加主要受到煤的蠕变变形控制,基质收缩效应虽然有利于渗透率的增加,但对渗透率的贡献远小于煤体的蠕变变形;钻孔由于蠕变变形会产生缩孔现象,很容易堵塞抽采通道,此时即使渗透率大幅度的提高,也很难保证抽采效果,因此迫切需要制定相应的防堵孔措施。     

Chemical characteristics of size-resolved aerosols in winter in Beijing

Size-resolved aerosols were continuously collected by a Nano Sampler for 13 days at an urban site in Beijing during winter 2012 to measure the chemical composition of ambient aerosol particles. Data collected by the Nano Sampler and an ACSM(Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor) were compared. Between the data sets,similar trends and strong correlations were observed,demonstrating the validity of the Nano Sampler. PM10 and PM2.5concentrations during the measurement were 150.5 ± 96.0 μg/m3(mean ± standard variation)and 106.9 ± 71.6 μg/m3,respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.70 ± 0.10,indicating that PM2.5dominated PM10. The aerosol size distributions showed that three size bins of 0.5–1,1–2.5 and 2.5–10 μm contributed 21.8%,23.3% and 26.0% to the total mass concentration(TMC),respectively. OM(organic matter) and SIA(secondary ionic aerosol,mainly SO42-,NO3-and NH4+) were major components of PM2.5. Secondary compounds(SIA and secondary organic carbon) accounted for half of TMC(about 49.8%) in PM2.5,and suggested that secondary aerosols significantly contributed to the serious particulate matter pollution observed in winter. Coal burning,biomass combustion,vehicle emissions and SIA were found to be the main sources of PM2.5. Mass concentrations of water-soluble ions and undetected materials,as well as their fractions in TMC,strikingly increased with deteriorating particle pollution conditions,while OM and EC(elemental carbon) exhibited different variations,with mass concentrations slightly increasing but fractions in TMC decreasing.     

高效聚合氯化铝的电化学合成研究

研究了一种新的聚合氯化铝的制备方法—电化学合成法。该法以金属铝为阳极,AlCl₃水溶液为电解液,采取低电压、大电流工作方式。确定了影响有效铝聚合形态的电化学和溶液化学因素,成功制备出碱化度B＝2.4,有效絮凝成分Alb含量70％以上的优质聚合氯化铝液体产品。水处理絮凝实验结果证明,电解法制备的聚合铝的絮凝效果明显优于普通聚合铝和絮凝剂。