A new design of groundwater sampling device and its application

Compounds in the atmosphere contaminate samples of groundwater. An inexpensive and simple method for collecting groundwater samples is developed to prevent contamination when the background concentration of contaminants is high. This new design of groundwater sampling device involves a glass sampling bottle with a Teflon-lined valve at each end. A cleaned and dried sampling bottle was connected to a low flow-rate peristaltic pump with Teflon tubing and was filled with water. No headspace volume was remained in the sampling bottle. The sample bottle was then packed in a PVC bag to prevent the target component from infiltrating into the water sample through the valves. In this study, groundwater was sampled at six wells using both the conventional method and the improved method. The analysis of trichlorofluoromethane（ CFC-11 ） concentrations at these six wells indicates that all the groundwater samples obtained by the conventional sampling method were contaminated by CFC-11 from the atmosphere. The improved sampling method greatly eliminated the problems of contamination, preservation and quantitative analysis of natural water.     

考虑声散射的街道交通噪声预报模型

提出一种预报典型的两侧密集分布建筑物的城市街道交通噪声ＬＡ１０和ＬＡｅｑ声级的计算机仿真模型。模型依据一种修正的虚声源原理。它不仅考虑发生于建筑方面的镜象反射和表面吸收，而且考虑了由于墙面的粗糙性所引起的发生于有限尺寸建筑表面声散射的影响。与实测比较表明本模型可得出良好的预报结果。通过对散射强度加以变化可估计表面声散射对预报声级的影响。结果表明，即使在一个相当混响的场合，镜象反射声能对扩散反射声能     

Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

吉林省的风能潜力(英文)

近两年我国电力突然短缺,已经引起政府的高度重视。由于我国风电发展的紧迫性和风电发展的潜力,特别是国际上正在如火如荼地开发风电的情景,中国- 奥地利政府间双边合作计划将风电评估列入2001～2003 年度合作计划,论文是该计划的成果之一。以我国吉林省为研究对象,采用广泛使用的风机选址算法和空间分布诊断程序( WAsP和ZAWIMOD2),运用数字地形图和遥感资料获得的土地利用图,进而得到数字化的表面粗糙度,再对吉林省的风能潜力进行估算。完成了近1km² 分辨率的距地面60m高度的风速和风能密度计算,并制作了它们的分布图。这是我国第一次在较大区域上估算距地面60m 高度的风速和风能密度,其方法对我国风电资源的评估有重要的借鉴作用。结果显示最有效的风能资源在吉林省的中西部地区,而南部和东部的高风资源区位于山脊和山顶,对风能的开发有一定的限制。     

Environmental input-output model and its analysis with a focus on the solid waste management sectors

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｉｎｐｕｔｏｕｔｐｕｔｍｏｄｅｌ(ＥＩＯＭ)(Ｃｕｍｂｅｒｌａｎｄ,1966)ｗａｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｎｇｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｔ?..     

Neutron activation method in the analysis of environmental objects

ＮｅｕｔｒｏｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓＧ．Ｍ．Ｋｏｌｅｓｏｖ（Ｖ．Ｉ．ＶｅｒｎａｄｓｋｙＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｃｈｅｍ。＆Ａｎａｌ．Ｃｈｅｍ．，ＲｕｓｓｉａｎＡｃａｄ...     

欧洲联盟可持续发展战略

欧洲委员会-EC-设立的环境和可持续发展欧洲咨询论坛的一份报告说,要填补可持续发展和欧洲联盟-EU-间的差距,关键是在EU内建立一个联合可持续理事会.欧洲委员会建立该论坛是为了就发展政策提供意见和为欧洲社会不同部分间起桥梁作用.德国Wuppertal研究所高级研究人员、报告的作者之一Philipp Schepelmann说,当1997年把可持续发展概念引入EU法律并定为EU的一项总目标时,农业、工业、能源、运输和金融等政府部门就计划在其政策中纳入可持续发展的战略,表明可考虑环境问题并定出时间和指标.Schepelmann说,各部门现已认识到除非改变政策,…     

用地球化学资料恢复变质岩原生性质的尝试

<正> 在文献中,有很多用各种岩石化学图表对已失去原生结构和构造的变质岩进行原岩恢复的事例。在恢复原岩的过程中,通常要先对微量元素的地球化学资料进行讨论。在对麻粒岩变质相的岩石进行原岩恢复时,岩石化学作图和对比的意义是受到限制的,因为很多元素在高温高压条件下具有活动性。此外,同一资料,在不同图表上又有不同的解释结果。曾用岩石化学图表对阿纳巴尔地盾南部变质岩进行原岩恢复,并认为ACFM图解比较合适。这种图解是用变质作用中活动性最小的     

铬的溶剂萃取(评论)

<正> 铬的溶液中主要以两种氧化态即Cr(Ⅲ)与Cr(Ⅵ)存在。第一种较稳定,并有形成惰性络合物的倾向。在非络合剂阴离子(如ClO_4~-)存在的情况下,Cr(Ⅲ)离子以Cr(H_2O)_6~(3+)及其水解产物的形式存在,在不同的pH值时,占优势的是Cr(H_2O)_5OH~(2+)     

岩浆对围岩的同化作用对岩浆岩~(18)O/~(16)O和~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr系统的影响

<正> 最近几年许多工作者发现火成岩全岩样品中δ~(18)O与~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始值之间存在正相关关系。其中有些关系已综合于图1中。这些关系的重要性在于,地球上这两个同位素系统中的变化是由完全不同的机理所造成的。岩石变得富~(87)Sr是由于加入了由~(87)Rb衰变产生的放射成因锶;主要富集~(87)Sr的储藏库是古老的大陆岩石或由此衍生的沉积物。大陆或洋壳的沉积岩富含