番茄ARF4基因果实特异RNAi载体的构建及遗传转化

构建ARF4基因果实特异表达的RNA干涉载体,对转基因番茄果实进行初步分析,可为采用基因工程方法改良番茄果实品质做出新尝试.利用RT-PCR技术从番茄果实cDNA中扩增SlARF4基因全长,将番茄ARF4基因正反向重复序列片段导入到植物表达载体pBI121上,启动子是番茄果实特异表达的TFM7.将构建的ARF4基因果实特异RNA干涉载体pBI121-TFM7-A4Ri通过根癌农杆菌介导转入到野生型番茄中,进而对转化获得的植株进行了阳性鉴定.分别以转基因番茄和野生型番茄为材料,分析ARF4在果实中的表达水平,测定绿熟期果实叶绿素含量、果实的单果重量和果皮厚度.酶切证实pBI121-TFM7-A4Ri果实特异表达载体构建成功,而且,PCR检测也得到阳性转基因株.半定量RT-PCR分析显示,转基因番茄果实中ARF4的表达量明显低于野生型果实.转基因番茄果实的叶绿素含量、单果重量和果皮厚度都比野生型有提高.因此,ARF4果实特异表达的RNAi方法能够改良番茄果实品质.     

Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

China now faces double challenges of water resources shortage and severe water pollution. To resolve Chinese water pollution problems and reduce its impacts on human health, economic growth and social development, the situation of wastewater treatment was investigated. Excess sludge and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during wastewater treatment were also surveyed. It is concluded that Chinese water pollution problems should be systematically resolved with inclusion of wastewater and the solid waste and GHGs generated during wastewater treatment. Strategies proposed for the wastewater treatment in China herein were also adequate for other countries, especially for the developing countries with similar economic conditions to China.     

The temporal changes of the concentration level of typical toxic organics in the river sediments around Beijing

In this study, the current situation of five types of toxic organics and endocrine disrupters in the sediments of rivers around Beijing, i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs), estrogens (Es), and bisphenol A (BPA), which included 56 contaminants, was analyzed and compared with that registered by the historical literatures. The ecological risks were also assessed. The total concentration of PAHs, PAEs, OCPs, Es, and BPA ranged from 232.5 ng·g^–1 to 5429.7 ng·g^–1, 2047.2 ng·g^–1 to 18051.5 ng·g^–1, 4.5 ng·g^–1 to 11.7 ng·g^–1, 18.1 ng·g^–1 to 105.2 ng·g^–1, and 36.3 ng·g^–1 to 69.6 ng·g^–1, respectively. Among these five types of organic compounds, the concentration levels of PAHs and OCPs have decreased significantly in the last ten years, while those of PAEs and Es had an upward trend compared with the previous studies. BPA still remained at a moderately high level, as it was ten years ago. The risks of the PAEs in all of the sample sites, and fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene in the Wenyu River sediment, were relatively high. These results supplemented the database of toxic organics’ concentration levels in the sediments of Beijing rivers.

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Fe-C-H_2O_2协同催化氧化处理印染废水

用Fe-C-H2O2协同催化氧化体系对印染工业废水的降解脱色处理进行了研究。对影响印染废水降解的几种因素如铁屑/碳粒质量比、双氧水的质量分数、废水pH等进行考察。试验结果表明,对于色度为650度和ρ（COD）为468mg·L-1的印染废水,在废水pH=4.8的情况下,当铁屑/碳粒质量比为25∶1、H2O2用量为150mg·L-1、催化反应30min时,印染废水的脱色率达98%以上,CODCr去除率可达78%。与Fe-C微电解法相比,Fe-C-H2O2协同催化氧化方法对印染废水的脱色能力和去除COD,表现出了更好的处理效果。     

沙漠油田开发生态环境保护的实践

文章阐述了地处沙漠腹地的石西油田在开发建设过程中开展环境保护工作的具体做法,从加强组织领导、制定并不断完善环保规章制度、加大科技投入等方面分析总结了在沙漠油田中开展环境保护的管理经验,通过加强井场作业、油气集输、建设用地管理、植物种植管理方面的措施,阐述了在沙漠油田开发建设中创建绿色油气田活动所取得的成绩。     

科学发展观与海南生态省建设

海南生态立省充分体现了"坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观,促进经济社会和人的全面发展"的科学发展观,生态立省是海南实践科学发展观的必然选择。生机勃勃的花草林木四季常绿,花园般美丽的城镇和生态文明村令人流连忘返。无论置身于繁华都市,还是位于乡村田野,清新的空气沁人心脾,辽远的天空白云舒卷,蔚蓝的海水波光潋滟……阳光,海浪,沙滩,椰树,交相辉映,     

Atmospheric-particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) study at five characteristic sampling sites in Taiwan

The main purpose for this study is to observe the seasonal and month variations for particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) in total suspended particulates (TSP) concentration, dry deposition at five characteristic sampling sites during years of 2009-2010 in central Taiwan. The results show that the highest and lowest monthly average particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP were occurred in Dec. and Oct. at Gao-mei (wetland), Chang-hua (downtown) and He-mei (residential) sampling site. In addition, the results show that the highest and lowest monthly average particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition was occurred in Feb. and Oct. at Quan-xing (industrial) sampling site. This study reflected that the mean highest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP and mean highest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition were occurred at Gao-mei (wetland) and Quan-xing (industrial). However, the mean lowest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP and mean lowest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition were also occurred at Gao-mei (wetland). Regarding seasonal variation, the order of mean-particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP in winter and spring were Gao-mei (wetland) > Quan-xing (industrial) > Bei-shi (suburban/coastal) > Chang-hua (downtown) > He-mei (residential). Finally, the order of mean-particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition in fall, spring and summer were Quan-xing (industrial) > Bei-shi (suburban/coastal) > Chang-hua (downtown) > He-mei (residential) > Gao-mei (wetland).     

基于Web of Science对铁载体研究现状和趋势的计量分析

铁载体是地下生物驱动过程的重要参与者,为全面了解铁载体的研究进展和未来发展趋势,利用知识图谱工具VOSviewer、CiteSpace与HistCite对Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库和中国知网（CNKI）1980—2021年发文的数量与学科分布、主要国家（地区）与机构、主要发文期刊与研究学者、研究现状及其变化趋势等进行了计量分析.结果表明：(1)近40年铁载体研究的发文量整体呈持续增长趋势,2010年后中国中英文发文量均明显增多,成为WOS数据库中该领域发文量排名第4的国家.微生物学、生物化学与分子生物学是英文发文量排名靠前的学科,而生物学、环境科学与资源利用是中文发文量较多的学科.国外机构间关于铁载体研究的合作较为紧密,我国与国外机构的合作整体上有待加强.铁载体研究发文的主要中英文期刊有微生物学通报、Journal of Bacteriology、Biometals等,Budzikiewicz H、Haas H和张福锁等分别是WOS和CNKI数据库中该领域发文较多的研究学者.(2)关键词聚类网络主要可分为铁载体的配位化学、生物合成机制及其在环境修复中的应用3类...     

镉污染土壤淋洗剂研究进展

随着工农业的发展,土壤重金属污染问题日益突出,土壤污染治理已成为农业和环境等相关领域的研究热点。以土壤重金属污染中最严重的镉污染治理为研究目标,以化学淋洗剂为研究对象,综合评述了不同类型淋洗剂的洗脱机理、淋洗效果和影响因素,推荐了适用于不同镉污染土壤的淋洗剂,并对现阶段国内外镉污染土壤淋洗剂研究中存在的问题和研究方向进行了总结和展望。研究认为土壤镉污染复合淋洗技术的机理研究,淋洗技术的示范和推广,适用低渗透土壤的淋洗剂研发,淋洗下土壤及环境的变化研究,淋洗剂投放后土壤修复的数值模拟研究,低成本、高效率生物表面活性剂、螯合剂、土壤缓冲剂的开发,以及开展多学科的交叉融合研究等是未来镉污染土壤淋洗技术研究的主要方向。     

汽车用材料——PA66及其玻璃纤维复合材料在不同介质中的老化行为研究

在三种介质（二次水，汽油，乙二醇，50℃温度）条件下对PA66及PA66／GF进行95天左右的人工模拟材料在汽车使用环境下的加速试验，对不同老化时间的PA66及PA66／GF试样进行了宏观力学测试及吸湿性测试，并进一步利用示差扫描量热法（DSC），红外光谱及扫描电镜等手段分析老化前后试样的微观结构及组织差异。结合老化前后试样的力学性能变化，揭示了PA66及复合材料的老化规律和机理。实验表明，PA66及PA66／GF在三种介质中拉伸强度呈现下降趋势。其主要机理是介质溶液对试样渗入的结果影响，降低了分子间的相互作用力（范德华力）从而使材料机械性能下降；同时未发现化学作用对材料的力学性能有明显的变化。