Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Asia: a review from 1999 to 2004

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in both gaseous and particulate phases. These compounds are considered to be atmospheric contaminants and are human carcinogens. Many studies have monitored atmospheric particulate and gaseous phases of PAH in Asia over the past 5 years. This work compares and discusses different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods. The main PAH sources are traffic exhausts (AcPy, FL, Flu, PA, Pyr, CHR, BeP) and industrial emissions (BaP, BaA, PER, BeP, COR, CYC). PAH concentrations are highest in areas of traffic, followed by the urban sites, and lowest in rural sites. Meteorological conditions, such as temperature, wind speed and humidity, strongly affect PAH concentrations at all sampling sites. This work elucidates the characteristics, sources and distribution, and the healthy impacts of atmospheric PAH species in Asia.     

Atmospheric bulk deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the vicinity of an iron and steel making plant

An IRA-743 resin bulk sampler was validated to monitor long-term bulk deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Six consecutive sampling campaigns (2008-2009) were conducted at four sites around steel complexes in Pohang, South Korea to investigate spatial and seasonal variations of PCDD/F bulk deposition. The bulk deposition within the steel complex showed the highest ∑_4-8PCDD/F (Tetra-Octa) fluxes, ranging from 204 to 608 (mean: 352) pg m⁻² d⁻¹, indicating steel complexes were major sources of PCDD/Fs. The homologue profiles were dominated with lower chlorinated PCDFs. Furthermore, the prevailing winds were confirmed to influence the spatial distribution of PCDD/F deposition. There were apparent seasonal variations of the bulk deposition at each site, and seasonal homologue patterns of PCDD/Fs were clearly observed. According to the passive air sampling, however, no significant seasonal change of ambient air concentrations of PCDD/Fs was observed. Therefore, it was concluded that the seasonal variations of deposition fluxes of PCDD/Fs probably resulted from temperature-dependent gas/particle partitioning.     

经济集聚对雾霾污染影响的空间计量研究——以长江三角洲地区为例

雾霾污染是困扰中国经济发展的重大民生与环境问题。基于改进产出密度模型,运用地统计和空间计量模型分析长三角城市2015~2017年雾霾污染空间格局和影响因素。研究发现：（1）雾霾污染存在季节性变化特征并且各城市雾霾污染状况逐渐好转。（2）雾霾污染具有显著的局域集聚特征和空间异质性,杭州、宁波和台州呈现低－低集聚特征,而滁州、扬州、镇江和泰州为高－高集聚型,污染区域集中于省界处,污染程度自西北向东南逐渐降低。雾霾污染存在显著的城际空间正相关和空间溢出效应,周边城市雾霾污染对本地区会产生负影响。（3）长三角城市人口集聚、研发投入、产业结构、工业烟粉尘排放及城市建设均对雾霾污染产生正向影响,对外开放、能源消耗以及降水等因素对雾霾污染产生负向影响;雾霾污染与经济增长之间不存在库兹涅茨曲线关系。经济集聚通过优化生产要素的空间分布与组合、共享治污基础设施等,形成雾霾污染抑制作用。     

快速城市化地区道路对两侧土地利用影响模式研究

基于多时段的卫星影像和土地利用变更调查数据,选取深圳市14条主要道路的代表性影响路段,用城市化影响指数(U)表征道路对土地利用的影响.以社会经济背景、地形条件、道路等级和道路运营年限为道路特征参数,基于相关性和非线性回归分析的方法研究道路对两侧土地利用影响的模式及其成因.研究发现,道路特征参数对两侧土地利用强度的影响表现出显著的差异性,其中,社会经济背景是道路对土地利用影响的主要影响因素,道路运营年限的影响主要表现在道路近距离区域,道路等级在中距离区域,而地形条件影响主要在远距离区域.道路对土地利用的影响模式分为3类,即山峰型、递减型和山谷型,而不同道路特征参数被认为是导致道路影响模式差别的主要原因.根据U值变化的曲线拟合分析得到各道路的影响范围,结果表明,快速路和主干路的影响范围较大,城市化进程起步较早、社会经济发展水平较好的西部地区道路影响范围大于东部.     

室内空气有机污染的研究现状

主要讨论了室内空气中有机物污染的研究现状。重点介绍了室内空气中多环芳烃 (PAHs)、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、醛类化合物等的污染状况及来源。简要叙述了室内空气污染的影响因素及对人体的健康风险评价。     

生态足迹模型的修正及在天津地区的应用探讨

文章介绍了生态足迹模型,指出了存在的缺陷并从四个方面进行了相应的修正:分别计算生产足迹、输入输出足迹以进行生态足迹来源的分析;将淡水资源足迹纳入模型;计算生态承载力时结合资源产出法以克服生态足迹模型的空间互斥性;计算CO2吸收用地的生态承载力。将改进后的模型应用于天津市2003年的生态足迹分析。结果显示:天津市消费足迹大于生产足迹,依赖外部输入资源抵消部分生态赤字,这一点在淡水足迹的输入上尤其明显;另外,生态承载力的计算结果要大于传统算法的结果,一方面因为传统算法中承载力由于空间互斥性被低估,另一方面修正后的模型考虑了CO2吸收用地的承载力。最后,提出了缓解天津市生态压力实现可持续发展的若干建议。     

车载激光雷达对北京地区边界层污染监测研究

介绍了自行研制的车载差分激光雷达AML-2探测原理及技术参数,于2006-08、2006-09在不同天气因素条件下对北京西南郊榆垡地区大气边界层污染物O3、NO2、SO2进行了实时监测,对比分析了3种污染物浓度垂直分布及日变化特征.结果表明,无外来污染输送时,3种污染物在阴雨天气总体浓度较小,O3和NO2浓度随高度升高而减小,SO2浓度垂直分布少见此特征,但在近地面0.6 km左右有较强SO2污染层.南部气流输送对北京地区大气环境影响明显,2006-08-23～2006-08-25这次强污染气流输送高度约1～1.5 km,3种污染物浓度垂直分布及日变化特征受到干扰,北京榆垡地区边界层O3、NO2、SO2总体浓度明显上升.     

碱性滤纸法在监测大气氟污染方面的应用

碱性或石灰滤纸法用于监测大气中氟化物浓度在国外早已巳有报导。近年来,浙江农业大学、包头市环境保护科研所对此方法作了详细研究,并在实践中运用该方法监测大气氟的浓度,提出了氢对蚕桑,氟对家畜产生危害的大气氟基准。我所1984年用此方法在镇江蚕桑区监测大气中氟化物浓度,取得了较好的结果。1983—1984年我们用碱性滤纸法连续一年监测了苏州市的大气氟污染,结果与植物(悬铃木等)叶中累积的氟化物浓度有着密切的相关性。     

(竹)香味塑料板挥发性能的研究

采用TD-GCMS法对(竹)香味塑料板不同时期的样本分析,同时和主观气味评价结果相结合,来研究(竹)香味塑料板随时间推移其挥发特性变化情况。试验结果表明:不同时期的(竹)香味塑料板共检测出33种挥发性有机物,其中有不饱和烯烃12种,烷烃类3种,醇类6种,醛类3种,酯类3种,酚类3种,硅氧烷类2种,其他类1种;通过相关性分析得出气味等级和烷烃类、酚类物质呈显著负相关(P0.05),和α-松油醇、别罗勒烯、香茅醇呈显著负相关(P0.05);同时利用主成分分析(PCA)提取出2个对(竹)香味塑料板挥发性性能影响较大的主成分。通过本文的研究能够掌握(竹)香味塑料板下线后的挥发特性变化,为新产品研发提供理论依据。     

Chronic administration of triclosan leads to liver fibrosis through hepcidin-ferroportin axis-mediated iron overload

Triclosan(TCS) has been manufactured as an antibacterial compound for half a century.Currently, it is widely used in various personal care products; however, its potential adverse effects raise a lot of attention. Here, we create a long-term oral administration mouse model and identify the corresponding hepatotoxicity of TCS. We discover that daily intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg TCS to mice for 12 weeks results in severe hepatic fibrosis. Further study displays that hepatic iron increas...