浅谈上海地区的总稀土

1 概述稀土(Rare Earth)元素,位于元素周期表第57～71号,由性质十分相近的镧、铈、镨、钕等15种镧系元素以及钪、钇2个元素组成。通常,把57～63号的7个元素称为轻稀土元素,其它10个元素称为重稀土元素。地壳中,稀土元素含量与锌、铜、铅等元素含量不相上下。我国的稀土资源,居世界首位,共约3600万吨(R_2O_3),其中90％分布在包头地区。土壤及生物链中,均有稀土元素。进入环境中的稀土化合物,大部分来自岩石的风化物,其次来自煤的燃烧。稀土元素,主要用于冶金、石油化工、电子器械、玻璃陶瓷等工业上。稀土元素,通过口、呼吸道及皮肤的伤口进入人体。吸收后的稀土元素,从人体内排泄的半衰期为一年至十几年。     

浦东新区城市生活污水处理现状及对策探讨

在对浦东新区生活污水处理现状进行分析的基础上，肯定了目前污水纳管处理和地理式生化处理并存的过滤性措施的作用，并提出了要提高生活污水处理率，完善污水管网收集系统，加强对住宅小区生活污水处理设施的管理等建议。     

砷测定中大量硫离子干扰的消除

本文在含硫离子较多的水样中加入一定量的硫酸银粉末，与硫离子生成硫化银沉淀，最后过滤去除水样中大量的硫离子，从而消除砷测定中大量硫离子的干扰。     

Atmospheric-particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) study at five characteristic sampling sites in Taiwan

The main purpose for this study is to observe the seasonal and month variations for particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) in total suspended particulates (TSP) concentration, dry deposition at five characteristic sampling sites during years of 2009-2010 in central Taiwan. The results show that the highest and lowest monthly average particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP were occurred in Dec. and Oct. at Gao-mei (wetland), Chang-hua (downtown) and He-mei (residential) sampling site. In addition, the results show that the highest and lowest monthly average particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition was occurred in Feb. and Oct. at Quan-xing (industrial) sampling site. This study reflected that the mean highest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP and mean highest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition were occurred at Gao-mei (wetland) and Quan-xing (industrial). However, the mean lowest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP and mean lowest particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition were also occurred at Gao-mei (wetland). Regarding seasonal variation, the order of mean-particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) concentrations in TSP in winter and spring were Gao-mei (wetland) > Quan-xing (industrial) > Bei-shi (suburban/coastal) > Chang-hua (downtown) > He-mei (residential). Finally, the order of mean-particulates-bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition in fall, spring and summer were Quan-xing (industrial) > Bei-shi (suburban/coastal) > Chang-hua (downtown) > He-mei (residential) > Gao-mei (wetland).     

环保产业的战略价值与调控激励机制探讨

环保产业对人类社会的持续协调发展具有巨大的价值贡献 ,是战略性产业。人们应借鉴国际经验并结合国情 ,建立我国环保产业有效的调控激励机制 :从加强环保产业的驱动因素入手 ,制定有效的产业扶植政策 ,加强技术创新 ,构筑环保产业大市场格局 ,促进环保产业向深层次快速发展。 更多还原      

Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Kaohsiung Harbour and adjacent coast, Taiwan

Surficial sediment samples collected from Kaohsiung Harbour and its nearby coast were analyzed for aliphatic hydrocarbons and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). According to our results, the average total concentrations of n-alkanes (n-C₁₂ to C₃₅) and aromatics (15 PAHs) were 4.33 µg g^–1 dry weight (ranged 0.46–22.60) and 0.59 µg g^–1 dry weight (ranged 0.09–1.75), respectively. The highest concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were recorded in stations near the estuaries of Qianzhen River and Love River, respectively. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in the samples indicate that there has been significant non-petrogenic, possibly terrestrial, contribution in the sediment of the open coast of Kaohsiung Harbour and that there has been dominant contribution from petrogenic sources in the sediment of the inner harbour. PAHs, detected in the samples, however, indicated a higher pyrolytic contribution in open-coast samples and a higher petrogenic contribution in the inner harbour. Overall, sediment concentrations of total alkanes in this study were comparable to those found in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong and are higher than those found in Xiamen Harbour, China. Concentrations of total PAHs in inner Kaohsiung Harbour sediments were relatively lower than those found in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong and Xiamen Harbour, China, but comparable to those found in Hsin-ta Harbour, Taiwan and Incheon Harbour, Korea. In comparison with several effect-based sediment quality guidelines, most PAH concentrations found in samples taken from inner harbour stations exceeded the Threshold Effect Level of Florida indicating a slight possibility of adverse effects.     

PCBs污染土壤的CaO诱导低温热处理脱氯研究

研究了低温热处理脱氯技术对废弃电容器封存点附近污染土壤中多氯联苯脱氯的效果,考察反应温度、反应时间及CaO添加比例对PCBs去除率、脱氯率的影响以及反应前后土壤中污染物的组分变化.实验土样中PCBs浓度为107.7 mg/g,属于罕见高浓度PCBs污染土壤.当反应温度为400℃、停留时间4h、CaO添加比例为10%,PCBs的去除率为87.7%,脱氯率为85.3%.土壤样品中五氯联苯和四氯联苯反应后含量降低或未检出,部分反应后样品检出一氯联苯和联苯,说明在CaO诱导PCBs低温热处理脱氯反应中存在逐步脱氯/加氢反应途径.     

津市无线电标准件厂按协议完成电镀废水治理

湖南省津市无线电标准件厂电镀废水治理工程,按照与市环保局签定的限期治理协议,在1985年7月建成,经几个月试运之后,于1985年12月26日的鉴定会上,经有关部门验收,铬、氰化物等达到国家规定的排放标准,产品质量符合要求.该厂是湖南唯一生产标准件的厂家,产品畅销国内外.随着生产发展,电镀废水污     

快速城市化地区道路格局对土地利用的影响研究

道路作为重要的人为活动因素之一,对其两侧的土地利用具有重要影响.以深圳市为例,从道路等级和道路密度出发,采用缓冲区分析和城市化影响指数,研究了快速城市化地区道路格局对土地利用的影响.结果表明:道路格局对土地利用存在显著影响,主干道路和街巷道路的影响范围分别为1 200和800 m;在道路高、中、低密度区内,道路的影响范围分别为600,1 200和1 000 m;主干道路对土地利用的主要影响形式是园地,街巷道路是建设用地;在道路高、中、低密度区,道路影响范围内面积比例占主导地位的分别为建设用地、工业用地和林地.研究区内道路的影响范围已占深圳市总面积80%左右,目前道路影响范围外区域主要零散分布在山地丘陵地带.探讨了道路等级和道路密度在道路对土地利用影响中的关系.      

生态足迹模型的修正及在天津地区的应用探讨

文章介绍了生态足迹模型,指出了存在的缺陷并从四个方面进行了相应的修正:分别计算生产足迹、输入输出足迹以进行生态足迹来源的分析;将淡水资源足迹纳入模型;计算生态承载力时结合资源产出法以克服生态足迹模型的空间互斥性;计算CO2吸收用地的生态承载力。将改进后的模型应用于天津市2003年的生态足迹分析。结果显示:天津市消费足迹大于生产足迹,依赖外部输入资源抵消部分生态赤字,这一点在淡水足迹的输入上尤其明显;另外,生态承载力的计算结果要大于传统算法的结果,一方面因为传统算法中承载力由于空间互斥性被低估,另一方面修正后的模型考虑了CO2吸收用地的承载力。最后,提出了缓解天津市生态压力实现可持续发展的若干建议。