聚合物净水

每种工业过程都产生及排放污水。这样一来,既耗费清洁的水,又不可避免地要进行有效的水处理。近年来,有机聚电解质在工业水处理中已得到广泛的应用。这些水溶性合成物质可用于分离金属生产、石油精制、纸浆造纸和食品加工工业中排     

Review of ozone and temperature lidar validations performed within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change

The use of assimilation tools for satellite validation requires true estimates of the accuracy of the reference data. Since its inception, the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) has provided systematic lidar measurements of ozone and temperature at several places around the world that are well adapted for satellite validations. Regular exercises have been organised to ensure the data quality at each individual site. These exercises can be separated into three categories: large scale intercomparisons using multiple instruments, including a mobile lidar; using satellite observations as a geographic transfer standards to compare measurements at different sites; and comparative investigations of the analysis software. NDSC is a research network, so each system has its own history, design, and analysis, and has participated differently in validation campaigns. There are still some technological differences that may explain different accuracies. However, the comparison campaigns performed over the last decade have always proved to be very helpful in improving the measurements. To date, more efforts have been devoted to characterising ozone measurements than to temperature observations. The synthesis of the published works shows that the network can potentially be considered as homogeneous within +/-2% between 20-35 km for ozone and +/-1 K between 35-60 km for temperature. Outside this altitude range, larger biases are reported and more efforts are required. In the lower stratosphere, Raman channels seem to improve comparisons but such capabilities were not systematically compared. At the top of the profiles, more investigations on analysis methodologies are still probably needed. SAGE II and GOMOS appear to be excellent tools for future ozone lidar validations but need to be better coordinated and take more advantage of assimilation tools. Also, temperature validations face major difficulties caused by atmospheric tides and therefore require intercomparisons with the mobile systems, at all sites.     

荷兰政府的可持续采购思路

在 1 997年中期荷兰政府公布的《环境与经济政策文件》中 ,在为期 5年内为一项鼓励性计划拨款 1 0 0 0万荷兰盾 ,以提高环境在政府机构采购和签合同时的重要性 .这是给市场一个明确的信号 :应当重视环境 .这个“可持续采购计划”的目标有三个 :◆为其它人树立榜样 ;◆实现即时环境效益 ;◆通过创造 /增加对那些给环境带来较小负担的产品的需求 ,和通过刺激“绿色”产品革新 ,对市场施加影响 .为了实现这些目标 ,该计划的宗旨是通过中央政府 ( 1 3个部 )、1 2个荷兰省、5 72个市和 68个负责水管理的水局 ,刺激和便利自愿协调的可持续采购 .这…     

ASPECTS OF ETHNOARCHAEOLOGY AND THE EXPLOITATION OF THE HIGHLAND ZONE

RIASSUNTO-Aspetti dell'etnoarcheologia e lo sfruttamento delle zone montane.L'Autore prende inconsiderazione due diverse aree geografiche,parte dell'arco alpino centro-orientale e quello dei Carpazi,in cui sono state svolte ricerche sia archeologiche che etnoarcheologiche sui modelli d'insediamento attualein aree montane.Viene in particolare sottolineata l'importanza dello studio emologico per una migliorericostruzione dei modelli di vita delle popolazioni preistoriche portando svariati esempi presi principalmentenei Balcani meridionali.     

压力对玄武质熔体中的 Fe~(3+)/Fe~(3+)比值和铁的结构状态的影响

<正> 对全球性深部熔融的产物——玄武质喷出物进行氧化-还原状况的研究,是认识上地幔含氧状况和挥发组分的手段之一。但是,该项研究中存在一个困难,这一困难是与岩浆熔体从源区向地表运移时氧逸度(fo_2)变化的可能性有关。对于fo_2变化的特性及其发生的可能原因,目前尚有争议。根据用电化学的方     

尼日利亚中部中生代花岗岩类的钾长石三斜度和痕量元素含量

<正> 尼日利亚的中生代年轻花岗岩区以具有不同程度锡矿化的火山杂岩和次生火山杂岩为特征。在广泛寻找原生矿床工作中,已利用矿物和地球化学的参数来圈定无矿和矿化花岗岩。锡矿化与这个岩区中的黑云母花岗岩、钠长石     

沸石工业成因类型

<正> 天然沸石在工农业各个部门以及在解决自然保护任务方面已得到日益广泛的应用。近年来,在美国、日本、保加利亚、匈牙利等许多国家均发现了大型的沸石矿床。同样,在苏联     

南非早元古代德兰士瓦系古土壤和泥铁岩中的层状金矿化

<正> 引言本文所述层状金矿化作用局限于几千米厚的约22亿年的德兰士瓦系比勒陀利亚群岩石中。比勒陀利亚群主要由页岩和石英岩及一些基性火山岩夹层组成。该地层位于构造盆地内,常有轻度变形,并有辉绿岩床的侵入。比勒陀利亚群最下部的火山岩单元是赫克普特组     

20世纪末矿物学的任务

对过去十年中苏联矿物学领域取得的成就作了肯定,指出了苏联矿物学发展中某些不足之处和急待加强或改进之处。为了加速苏联国民经济各部门的科技发展,提出了下列几方面的矿物学任务:研究方法的任务,矿物种类和变种的研究任务,发展成因矿物学的任务、标型矿物学任务和有关矿物学概念和术语的几点意见。     

菲律宾吕宋岛三描礼士蛇绿岩中的耐火型和冶金型铬铁矿石

<正> 序言豆荚状蛇绿岩型铬铁矿床是高级冶金型铬铁矿石(Cr_2O_3 45—60wt%)的重要来源,并且是耐火型铬铁矿石(Al_2O_3最低为25wt%,Cr_2O_3+Al_2O_3最低为60wt%,FeO最高为15