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981.
This work represents an attempt to define a simple method to classify the relative degree of disturbance of sites in lotic
systems on the basis of comparison of their faunistic composition with reference sites. Two ecotypes were selected in northern
Portugal where benthic invertebrates were sampled in reaches with different levels of contamination. As a first stage, previous
Geographic Information System information was used to define reference sites in each ecotype. Afterwards, multivariate techniques
and non linear estimation models were combined to assess biological quality. This method allowed us to quantify sites according
to increasing levels of contamination, after the probabilities of occurrence of taxa along a gradient of contamination taking
into account the reference condition. The results suggest that this method is sensitive to organic pollution, easy to interpret,
namely the species tolerance, and could be a good framework to establish regional rankings depending on the ecological impact
of river sites. 相似文献
982.
A Characterization of Selected Endocrine Disruptor Compounds in a Portuguese Wastewater Treatment Plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maurício R Diniz M Petrovic M Amaral L Peres I Barceló D Santana F 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,118(1-3):75-87
Anthropogenic compounds that are able to disrupt the endocrine system of wildlife species are a major cause for concern and
have led to a demand for new screening methods. The identification and quantification of endocrine disruptor compounds at
wastewater treatment plant is of major interest to assess the endocrine activity of wastewater treatment plant discharges
into the environment. This study consists of a preliminary survey of concentrations of previously selected endocrine disruptor
compounds, undertaken to establish environmental concentrations and to support a biological program assay exposing freshwater
fish to them. Selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (APEs, bisphenol A and 17 β-estradiol) were measured in samples from a wastewater treatment plant located in Lisbon (Portugal), using recent commercial
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and also LC-MS/MS. The results show that the wastewater treatment plant treatment process
is efficient on the removal of target endocrine disruptor compounds. However, environmentally significant concentrations are
still present in the treated effluent. The results also show that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit is suitable for routine
analysis of the selected compounds. The results are also useful since the wastewater treatment plant is located in a Mediterranean
region, which results in an effluent with its own characteristics. 相似文献
983.
Zhang Y Ruan L Fasola M Boncompagni E Dong Y Dai N Gandini C Orvini E Ruiz X 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,118(1-3):355-368
The rapidly developing Asian countries may face threatening environmental contamination, that however remains largely unassessed.
We studied persistent trace elements in three wetlands, Poyang Lake, relatively unpolluted, and Tai Lake, and Pearl River
Delta, selected as hotspots of pollution in Central China. We adopted as indicator the Little Egret, a widespread colonial
waterbird, and during 1999 and 2000 we collected and analysed the same samples as for a parallel study we conducted in Pakistan,
e.g. eggs, body feathers of chicks, prey spontaneously regurgitated by the chicks, and sediments at the areas most used by
foraging egrets. The levels of trace-metals at our three study areas were similar, or within the range, of those found in
the few other studies for East Asia, with few exceptions. The concentrations of the various elements were below the threshold
that may affect the survival or reproduction of the birds, and even the highest concentrations relative to background, i.e.
Se in eggs, and Hg in feathers at Pearl Delta, do not pose toxic hazards. In sediments, the levels of trace elements were
lower than the critical levels assumed for contaminated soil, except for alarming high levels of As at Poyang. These results
do not confirm our expectation, that Poyang was relatively uncontaminated, while Tai and Pearl were polluted. Although trace
metal concentration differed significantly among the three study areas, these differences were minor and were not consistent
among elements and samples. The bioaccumulation ratios from sediments through prey, feather and egg, were consistent with
our previous findings for Pakistan. Only Hg exhibited high bioaccumulation, while Se and Zn had low accumulation, and the
other elements no accumulation. This reasserts that feathers of predators such as egrets, may be more sensitive indicators
of environmental contamination for the elements subject to bioaccumulation, whereas the sediments or the organisms low in
the food chain are better indicators for the other elements. 相似文献
984.
A submersible sonde equipped with a specific conductivity probe, linked with a global positioning satellite receiver was developed, deployed on a small boat, and used to map spatial and temporal variations in specific conductivity in a large reservoir. 7,695 sample points were recorded during 8 sampling trips. Specific conductivity ranged from 442,uS/cm to 3,378,uS/cm over the nine-month study. The data showed five statistically different zones in the reservoir: 2 different riverine zones, 2 different riverine transition zones, and a lacustrine zone (the main lake zone). These data were imported to a geographic information system where they were spatially interpolated to generate 8 maps showing specific conductivity levels across the entire surface of the lake. The highly dynamic nature of water quality, due to the widely differing nature of the rivers that flow into the reservoir and the effect of large inflows of fresh water during winter storms is easily captured and visualized using this approach. 相似文献
985.
Rashed MN 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,119(1-3):31-41
Lead, one of the earliest metals recognized and used by humans, has a long history of beneficial use. However, it is now recognized as toxic and as posing a widespread threat to humans and wildlife. Treatment of lead from polluted water and wastewater has received a great deal of attention. Adsorption is one of the most common technologies for the treatment of lead-polluted water. This technique was evaluated here, with the goal of identifying innovative, low-cost adsorbent. This study presents experiments undertaken to determine the suitable conditions for the use of peach and apricot stones, produced from food industries as solid waste, as adsorbents for the removal of lead from aqueous solution. Chemical stability of adsorbents, effect of pH, adsorbents dose, adsorption time and equilibrium concentration were studied. The results reveal that adsorption of lead ions onto peach stone was stronger than onto apricot stone up to 3.36% at 3 h adsorption time. Suitable equilibrium time for the adsorption was 3–5 h (% Pb adsorption 93% for apricot and 97.64% for peach). The effective adsorption range for pH in the range was 7–8. Application of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models show high adsorption maximum and binding energies for using these adsorbents for the removal of lead ions from contaminated water and wastewater. 相似文献
986.
Abstact The present study was designed to evaluate indirect, non-invasive, on-line measurement of biofilm thickness using an electrical capacitance technique. Several assays were carried out and the results showed that, at a frequency of 1 kHz, electrical capacitance could be used to measure biofilm thickness indirectly (with a correlation coefficient of 0.9495). The reproducibility revealed by the assays was also highly satisfactory.However, in contrast to what was expected, there was an inverse relationship between electrical capacitance and biofilm thickness, i.e. electrical capacitance diminished with the increase in the biofilm thickness.The tests were also carried out at different frequencies (1 kHz, 10 kHz and 100 kHz) 相似文献
987.
Christian Mrz Felipe S. Freitas Johan C. Faust Jasmin A. Godbold Sian F. Henley Allyson C. Tessin Geoffrey D. Abbott Ruth Airs Sandra Arndt David K. A. Barnes Laura J. Grange Neil D. Gray Ian M. Head Katharine R. Hendry Robert G. Hilton Adam J. Reed Saskia Rühl Martin Solan Terri A. Souster Mark A. Stevenson Karen Tait James Ward Stephen Widdicombe 《Ambio》2022,51(2):370
Unprecedented and dramatic transformations are occurring in the Arctic in response to climate change, but academic, public, and political discourse has disproportionately focussed on the most visible and direct aspects of change, including sea ice melt, permafrost thaw, the fate of charismatic megafauna, and the expansion of fisheries. Such narratives disregard the importance of less visible and indirect processes and, in particular, miss the substantive contribution of the shelf seafloor in regulating nutrients and sequestering carbon. Here, we summarise the biogeochemical functioning of the Arctic shelf seafloor before considering how climate change and regional adjustments to human activities may alter its biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, including ecosystem function, carbon burial, or nutrient recycling. We highlight the importance of the Arctic benthic system in mitigating climatic and anthropogenic change and, with a focus on the Barents Sea, offer some observations and our perspectives on future management and policy. 相似文献
988.
By mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) of residual municipal solid waste the behaviour of landfills can be significantly improved. After MBT the organic content (COD and BOD5), total organic carbon, and total nitrogen in the leachate, as well as the gas production rate, are reduced to values lower than 90% of the fresh untreated waste. The volume of the stabilized material to be disposed on landfills decreases enormously, by up to 70%. The monitoring effort for a landfill constructed under these conditions is reduced to a minimum and the stabilized material can be used in other ways, as material for reforestation, for cover material or for thermal utilization to produce energy. Environmental conditions are important in MBT, as well as waste characteristics. This paper describes the results of a pilot project of MBT performed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The results have shown that this technology can be used successfully in developing countries, with economy for the society and important results for the environment. 相似文献
989.
Qiao WM Song Y Yoon SH Korai Y Mochida I Yoshiga S Fukuda H Yamazaki A 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2006,26(6):592-598
Efficient removal of chlorine from PVC achieved by two-stage heat-treatment (280 and 410 degrees C) provided chlorine-free isotropic pitch containing additive. The pitch was stabilized and carbonized into porous carbons with surface areas of approximately 300 m2/g. Resultant porous carbons showed three pore structures of supermicropore, micropore and mesopore. The generation of CO2 from the decomposition of the CaCO3 additive in waste PVC is responsible for the development of porous structures. The surface area of the carbonized product increased after the removal of CaO. 相似文献
990.
Classification of in-flight catering wastes in Egypt air flights and its potential as energy source (chemical approach) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Waste to energy conversion is based on the classification of waste. In-flight catering wastes resulting from Egypt Airlines economy class passengers were classified. The solid waste stream generated contains plastic, paper, left-over waste food and aluminum. The type of meal served varies according to the period of flight and so the quantity and content of the waste stream. It was found that the waste generation rate varied from 61.3 to 265 g according to the meal type. Breakfast snack meal generates the highest weight of waste which recorded an average of 265 g. Plastic waste generated varied from 39.6% to 64.6% by weight for the various types of meals served. A total amount of 725 tons were generated annually from organic waste (paper, plastic and food waste) among which a non combustible 39.4 tons of aluminum. The calorific value for each generated item is calculated and the total energy potential reached up to 14.3 TJ annually. 相似文献