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21.
In semi-arid areas like the Kairouan region, salinization has become an increasing concern because of the constant irrigation with saline water and over use of groundwater resources, soils, and aquifers. In this study, a methodology has been developed to evaluate groundwater contamination risk based on the unsaturated zone hydraulic properties. Two soil profiles with different ranges of salinity, one located in the north of the plain and another one in the south of plain (each 30 m deep) and both characterized by direct recharge of the aquifer, were chosen. Simulations were conducted with Hydrus-1D code using measured precipitation data for the period 1998–2003 and calculated evapotranspiration for both chosen profiles. Four combinations of initial conditions of water content and salt concentration were used for the simulation process in order to find the best match between simulated and measured values. The success of the calibration of Hydrus-1D allowed the investigation of some scenarios in order to assess the contamination risk under different natural conditions. The aquifer risk contamination is related to the natural conditions where it increased while facing climate change and temperature increase and decreased in the presence of a clay layer. Hydrus-1D was a useful tool to predict the groundwater level and quality in the case of a direct recharge and in the absence of any information related to the soil layers except for the texture. 相似文献
22.
Mohammad Naghi Adel Hassan Pourbabaei Seyed Jalil Alavi Ali Salehi 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2017,48(3):219-225
The aim of this study was to determine type of response curves for seventeen woody species (10 tree and 7 shrub species) to soil factors in an intact riparian forest in Safaroud River in northern Iran using HOF function. Data were collected along transects established perpendicular to the water flow on both sides of the river. Results indicated different responses for different woody species. The most common were symmetricunimodal response curves and curves showing an increase in occurrence probability after a certain value in form of a plateau. Bimodal curves were four times more frequent in riverside than forest interior area. It seems that river flow disturbances through frequent floods effect on species tolerance and optimum in riversides. 相似文献
23.
Adel Abdelkader Ahmed I. Osman Samih A. Halawy Mohamed A. Mohamed 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(3):1428-1436
The present study includes synthesis of two γ-Al2O3 samples from waste aluminum cans using a simple precipitation method. Precipitation was carried out using two different precipitating agents (i.e. NaOH and NH4OH). The two prepared alumina samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption–desorption techniques. Surface acidity of γ-Al2O3 samples was measured by adsorption of two different probe molecules (i.e. pyridine and dimethyl pyridine) followed by desorption measurements using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Catalytic activity of the two prepared alumina samples towards the dehydration of methanol (to dimethyl ether) was studied in a fixed bed reactor at 300 °C. For comparison reasons, commercial γ-Al2O3 sample was, also, tested for the same catalytic reaction under the same conditions. Results showed that the alumina sample prepared using NaOH as a precipitating agent exhibited a better catalytic activity and stability compared with that prepared using NH4OH and showed a similar activity as the commercial γ-Al2O3 sample. 相似文献
24.
Rogers F Arnott P Zielinska B Sagebiel J Kelly KE Wagner D Lighty JS Sarofim AF 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(5):583-593
Particulate-phase exhaust properties from two different types of ground-based jet aircraft engines--high-thrust and turboshaft--were studied with real-time instruments on a portable pallet and additional time-integrated sampling devices. The real-time instruments successfully characterized rapidly changing particulate mass, light absorption, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content. The integrated measurements included particulate-size distributions, PAH, and carbon concentrations for an entire test run (i.e., "run-integrated" measurements). In all cases, the particle-size distributions showed single modes peaking at 20-40nm diameter. Measurements of exhaust from high-thrust F404 engines showed relatively low-light absorption compared with exhaust from a turboshaft engine. Particulate-phase PAH measurements generally varied in phase with both net particulate mass and with light-absorbing particulate concentrations. Unexplained response behavior sometimes occurred with the real-time PAH analyzer, although on average the real-time and integrated PAH methods agreed within the same order of magnitude found in earlier investigations. 相似文献
25.
Afify Marwa Adel Ahmed Iman Gamal Ghareeb Alkahtani Theeb Ayedh Altulayhi Raed Ibrahim Alrowili Amjad Saud Mhrb Ghozy Sherief Bin-Jumah May Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10576-10588
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This research aims to study the safety and efficacy of doravirine in the treatment of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus) patients. We conducted an... 相似文献
26.
Yong Sik Ok Sang Soo Lee Weon-Tai Jeon Sang-Eun Oh Adel R. A. Usman Deok Hyun Moon 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(1):31-39
Liming materials have been used to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated soils. However, no studies have evaluated the use of eggshell waste as a source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to immobilize both cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of eggshell waste on the immobilization of Cd and Pb and to determine the metal availability following various single extraction techniques. Incubation experiments were conducted by mixing 0–5% powdered eggshell waste and curing the soil (1,246 mg Pb kg?1 soil and 17 mg Cd kg?1 soil) for 30 days. Five extractants, 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2), 1 M CaCl2, 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.43 M acetic acid (CH3COOH), and 0.05 M ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were used to determine the extractability of Cd and Pb following treatments with CaCO3 and eggshell waste. Generally, the extractability of Cd and Pb in the soils decreased in response to treatments with CaCO3 and eggshell waste, regardless of extractant. Using CaCl2 extraction, the lowest Cd concentration was achieved upon both CaCO3 and eggshell waste treatments, while the lowest Pb concentration was observed using HCl extraction. The highest amount of immobilized Cd and Pb was extracted by CH3COOH or EDTA in soils treated with CaCO3 and eggshell waste, indicating that remobilization of Cd and Pb may occur under acidic conditions. Based on the findings obtained, eggshell waste can be used as an alternative to CaCO3 for the immobilization of heavy metals in soils. 相似文献
27.
Adel Shirmohammadi J. M. Sheridan W. G. Knisel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(1):103-111
ABSTRACT: The approximate streamflow partitioning method which uses daily rainfall and streamfiow data was applied in Coastal Plain, Coastal Flatwoods, and Southern Piedmont physiographic regions for estimation of the surface and subsurface flow components of total streainflow. Sizes of the watersheds ranged from 9.6 km2 to 1,030 km. Although the streamflow partitioning method was developed and tested on the Coastal Plain physiographic region, results indicate that the procedure can be applied to other physiographic regions where available data are limited to daily values. The effect of channelization on the partitioned flow components in the Coastal Plain and Coastal Flatwoods physiographic areas was also examined. While channelization was found to decrease the storm-time base, it had no significant effect on the relative percentages of the partitioned flow components. 相似文献
28.
Adel?R.?A.?Usman Mahtab?Ahmad Mohamed?El-Mahrouky Abdulrasoul?Al-Omran Yong?Sik?Ok Abdelazeem?Sh.?Sallam Ahmed?H.?El-Naggar Mohammad?I.?Al-WabelEmail author 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(2):511-521
Biochar has emerged as a universal sorbent for the removal of contaminants from water and soil. However, its efficiency is lower than that of commercially available sorbents. Engineering biochar by chemical modification may improve its sorption efficiency. In this study, conocarpus green waste was chemically modified with magnesium and iron oxides and then subjected to thermal pyrolysis to produce biochar. These chemically modified biochars were tested for NO3 removal efficiency from aqueous solutions in batch sorption isothermal and kinetic experiments. The results revealed that MgO-biochar outperformed other biochars with a maximum NO3 sorption capacity of 45.36 mmol kg?1 predicted by the Langmuir sorption model. The kinetics data were well described by the Type 1 pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominating mechanism of NO3 sorption onto biochars. Greater efficiency of MgO-biochar was related to its high specific surface area (391.8 m2 g?1) and formation of strong ionic complexes with NO3. At an initial pH of 2, more than 89 % NO3 removal efficiency was observed for all of the biochars. We conclude that chemical modification can alter the surface chemistry of biochar, thereby leading to enhanced sorption capacity compared with simple biochar. 相似文献
29.
Sulphamethazine in poultry manure changes carbon and nitrogen mineralisation in soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yasser M. Awad Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana Young Han Lee Yeon-Kyu Sonn Adel R. A. Usman 《Chemistry and Ecology》2016,32(10):899-918
Antibiotics are newly emerging organic pollutants in manure, soil, vegetables and water. Animal manure application might be leading to the accumulation of antibiotics in the farmland. However, the effect of sulphamethazine (SMZ) on the soil microbial community was scarcely investigated. This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of SMZ on poultry manure, on the structure and function of microbial community, carbon mineralisation, and changes in nitrogen forms in soil via an incubation experiment lasting 56?d. The treatments consisted of poultry manure at 1% wt (PM), PM containing 20?mg?kg?1 SMZ (PM?+?20SMZ) and PM containing 100?mg?kg?1 SMZ (PM?+?100SMZ), along with the untreated soil (control). Solid phase extraction was performed to measure the SMZ concentration in soils using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The cumulative CO2-C was increased in all treated soils over the incubation period compared to the control. The PM?+?100SMZ had the highest increase in cumulative CO2-C from the soil at 56?d of incubation. The treatment of PM?+?20SMZ showed a short-term decrease in nitrification rate in the soils at 1?d by altering the microbial community composition with 17% dissimilarity and decreasing the abundance of bacteria compared to PM-treated soil. The PM?+?100SMZ increased C mineralisation in the soil. 相似文献
30.
Soil pollution assessment and identification of hyperaccumulating plants in chromated copper arsenate (CCA) contaminated sites, Korea 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In recent decades, heavy metal contamination in soil adjacent to chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood has received increasing attention. This study was conducted to determine the pollution level (PL) based on the concentrations of Cr, Cu and As in soils and to evaluate the remediative capacity of native plant species grown in the CCA contaminated site, Gangwon Province, Korea. The pollution index (PI), integrated pollution index (IPI), bioaccumulation factors (BAFshoots and BAFroots) and translocation factor (TF) were determined to ensure soil contamination and phytoremediation availability. The 19 soil samples from 10 locations possibly contaminated with Cr, Cu and As were collected. The concentrations of Cr, Cu and As in the soil samples ranged from 50.56-94.13 mg kg−1, 27.78-120.83 mg kg−1, and 0.13-9.43 mg kg−1, respectively. Generally, the metal concentrations decreased as the distance between the CCA-treated wood structure and sampling point increased. For investigating phytoremediative capacity, the 19 native plant species were also collected in the same area with soil samples. Our results showed that only one plant species of Iris ensata, which presented the highest accumulations of Cr (1120 mg kg−1) in its shoot, was identified as a hyperaccumulator. Moreover, the relatively higher values of BAFshoot (3.23-22.10) were observed for Typha orientalis, Iris ensata and Scirpus radicans Schk, suggesting that these plant species might be applicable for selective metal extraction from the soils. For phytostabilization, the 15 plant species with BAFroot values > 1 and TF values < 1 were suitable; however, Typha orientalis was the best for Cr. 相似文献