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41.
Antoine?O.H.C.?Leduc Maud?C.O.?Ferrari Jocelyn?M.?Kelly Grant?E.?BrownEmail author 《Chemoecology》2004,14(2):107-112
Summary. Recent studies have demonstrated that under
weakly acidic conditions (pH 6.0), many prey fishes, including
juvenile rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), do not
exhibit overt antipredator responses to conspecific chemical
alarm cues. In laboratory trials, we investigated the potential
effects of reduced pH on the ability of hatchery reared, predator
naïve juvenile rainbow trout to acquire the recognition of
a novel predator (yellow perch, Perca flavenscens). Initially,
we exposed trout to the odour of a predatory yellow perch,
buffered to pH 6.0 (weakly acidic) or pH 7.0 (neutral) paired
with conspecific skin extracts (also buffered to pH 6.0 or 7.0)
or a distilled water control. Juvenile trout exhibited significant
increase in antipredator behaviour when exposed to neutral
skin extract (pH 7.0). When retested 48 hours later to perch
odour alone (pH 7.0), only trout initially conditioned with
neutral skin extracts (pairs with either neutral or acidic perch
odour) exhibited a learned recognition of perch odour as a
predator risk. Those initially exposed to weakly acidic skin
extract or the distilled water control did not show a learned
response to predator odour. These results demonstrate that the
ability to acquire the recognition of novel predators is
impaired under weakly acidic conditions, as would occur in
natural waterways affected by acidic precipitation. 相似文献
42.
Johansson Clotilde Bataillard Philippe Biache Coralie Lorgeoux Catherine Colombano Stéfan Joubert Antoine Défarge Christian Faure Pierre 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(11):15966-15982
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Permanganate is an oxidant usually applied for in situ soil remediation due to its persistence underground. It has already shown great efficiency for... 相似文献
43.
Sources of hydrocarbons in sediments of the Mandovi estuary and the Marmugoa harbour, west coast of India 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Surface sediments were collected from various locations of the Mandovi estuary and the Marmugoa harbour. Sediments were analysed for organic carbon (OC), total lipids, n-alkanes concentration and composition. Concentrations of OC, total lipids and n-alkanes varied spatially and ranged from 1 to 2.5%, 176 to 1413 microg/g dry weight (dw) sediments, and 0.8 to 3.2 microg/g dw sediments of the Mandovi estuary, respectively; and from 0.6 to 2.9%, 233 to 1448 microg/g dw sediments, and 1.6 to 10.7 microg/g dw sediments in the Marmugoa harbour, respectively. Long chain, odd carbon n-alkanes (C(23)-C(33)) in the Mandovi estuary, whereas short chain, even carbon n-alkanes (C(11)-C(21)) in the Marmugoa harbour sediments were more abundant. The total HC concentrations, n-alkane composition, CPI, UCM and other evaluation indices suggest the dominance of terrestrial hydrocarbons in the estuarine while petroleum derived hydrocarbons in the harbour sediments. This conclusion was further supported by the abundance of hopanes with C(29) to C(34) alpha, beta compounds and steranes with C(27), C(28) and C(29) compounds in the harbour sediments. 相似文献
44.
Antoine Tiya-Djowe Serge Nzali Estella T. Njoyim Samuel Laminsi Eric M. Gaigneaux 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(4):515-519
Various iron oxides are used for Fenton reactions to degrade organic pollutants. The degradation efficiency may be improved by transforming an iron oxide phase to another. Here, we report on the transformation of goethite into hematite by thermal treatment at 400 °C. The products were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2-physisorption. The catalytic activities were measured for orange II bleaching at initial concentration of 25 mg L?1, pH 3, catalyst concentration of 0.2 g L?1; 5 mM H2O2, 30 °C. Results show that the synthesized goethite was successfully transformed into hematite, and the specific surface area of the material increased from 134 to 163 m2 g?1. The bleaching efficiency of the orange II dye reached 100 % for the hematite product, versus 78 % for goethite. Therefore, a moderate thermal treatment of a plasma-synthesized goethite improves the catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants. 相似文献
45.
We report for the first time the use of beetroot fibers to eliminate heavy metals from polluted water. This biomass is used to remove lead, copper and zinc ions. The kinetics and beetroot fibers fixation capacities of lead, zinc and copper according to various physico‐chemical parameters such as pH, and the concentration of metal solutions were studied. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory column with fixed bed. For kinetic studies, samples of metal solutions were taken at regular intervals and measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. pH at 6.6 shows a maximum retention of the above cited metals by beetroot fibers (98%, 92%, 90% respectively). Quantity of cations retained by this biomass in simple and mixture solution is respectively estimated to be 23.6, 14.02 and 14.64 mg/g. Results indicate the usefulness of this biomass in the remediation of water contaminated by heavy metals by a rapid, practical and efficient method. 相似文献
46.
We developed quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to distinguish each of the four clades (A–D) of dinoflagellate endosymbionts (genus Symbiodinium) commonly found in Caribbean corals. We applied these primer sets, which target portions of the multi-copy ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene family, to assess the presence/absence of symbionts in clade D (as indicated by the detection of clade D DNA). We detected these symbionts in five of six Caribbean host species/genera (21% of samples analyzed, N = 10 of 47 colonies), from which clade D had rarely or never been observed. This suggests that Symbiodinium in clade D are present in a higher diversity of coral species than previously thought. This qPCR-based approach can improve our understanding of the total microbial diversity associated with corals, particularly in hosts thought to be relatively specific, and has many other potential applications for studies of coral reef ecology and conservation. 相似文献
47.
Antoine Carlier Bénédicte Ritt Clara F. Rodrigues Jozée Sarrazin Karine Olu Jacques Grall Jacques Clavier 《Marine Biology》2010,157(11):2545-2565
Cold seep communities in the Mediterranean Sea have only been discovered two decades ago, and their trophic ecology has been
the subject of very few studies. We investigated the benthic food web of two deep chemosynthesis-based ecosystems on the Napoli
and Amsterdam mud volcanoes (MVs) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea (~2,000 m depth). Seeping methane has been detected at
the surface of both MVs during pioneering cruises and has been hypothesised to be assimilated by benthic fauna as observed
in other oceans’ margins. Given the extreme oligotrophic character of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, we a priori expected
that chemosynthetic food sources, especially methane-derived carbon (MDC), played a major trophic role in these deep seep
communities relative to what has been observed in other seep systems worldwide. We aimed at unravelling the trophic relationships
on Napoli and Amsterdam MVs through the analysis of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotopes both in the dominant benthic invertebrates
including the small endofauna (300 μm < size < 1 cm) and in the sedimented organic matter. In particular, we assessed the
fraction of MDC in the tissue of several heterotrophic and symbiotic species. Low mean δ34S and δ13C values (0.4 ± 4.8‰ and −31.6 ± 5.7‰, respectively) obtained for mega- and macrofauna suggested that the investigated benthic
food webs are virtually exclusively fuelled by carbon of chemosynthetic origin. A few grazer invertebrates (δ34S up to 11‰) depart from this trend and could complement their diet with sedimented and decayed phytoplanktonic organic matter.
Faunal δ13C values indicated that the oxidation of sulphur is likely the predominant energetic pathway for biosynthesis on both MVs.
Nevertheless, mytilid bivalves and small capitellid, ampharetid and spionid polychaetes were 13C-depleted (δ13C < −37‰) in a way indicating they assimilated a significant portion of MDC. For these later heterotrophic species, MDC ranged
between 21 and 31% (lower estimates) and 97 and 100% (upper estimates). However, our results highlighted that the origin of
assimilated carbon may be complex for some symbiotic species. The vestimentiferan tubeworm Lamellibrachia sp., which exclusively depends on its sulphur-oxidising endosymbionts, showed a ~20‰ inter-individual δ13C variability on a very small spatial scale (<1 m) at the summit of Napoli MV. This mostly reflects the variable isotopic
composition of pore-water-dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and evidenced that tubeworms (and subsequently their endosymbionts)
uptake DIC derived from multiple methane oxidation processes in varying proportions. The lower and upper MDC estimates for
the vestimentum of Napoli’s individuals were 11–38 and 21–73%, respectively. Finally, data on trophic ecology of Napoli and
Amsterdam MVs clearly corroborate previous geophysical results evidencing the spatial heterogeneity of Mediterranean MV environmental
conditions. 相似文献
48.
Enrico Celio Adrienne Grêt-Regamey 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(11):2079-2101
Land-use models can be used to assess the importance of different drivers of land-use change. Local actors make land-use decisions on the basis of both biophysical and policy aspects, but they can also be considered as autonomous drivers as their attitudes and beliefs influence land-use substantially. We use a Bayesian network-based Land-use Modeling Approach (BLUMAP) to analyze influences of local actor characteristics on land-use change in a spatially explicit manner. Our analysis shows that local actor characteristics have a greater influence on land-use change than changes in agricultural policy schemes. Furthermore, focusing on the probabilities of land-use occurrence under different scenarios facilitates the quantification of influences of local actor characteristics on land-use changes and aids in the detection of where land-use changes are more likely to occur. We demonstrate that local actor characteristics could override land-use policy trends; thus, greater consideration should be paid to actors in land-use development processes. 相似文献
49.
Bulent Kabak Esther F. A. Brandon Isil Var Marco Blokland Adrienne J. A. M. Sips 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):472-480
In the present study, we aimed at determining the release of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) from different food products in the gastro-intestinal tract in the absence and presence of probiotics, a possible adsorbent. The average bioaccessibility of AFB1 and OTA without probiotics was about 90%, and 30%, respectively, depending on several factors, such as food product, contamination level, compound and type of contamination (spiked versus naturally contaminated). The six probiotic bacteria showed varying binding capacity to AFB1 and OTA depending on the bacterial strain, toxin studied, type of food and contamination level. A reduction to a maximum of 37% and 73% as observed for the bioaccessibility of AFB1 and OTA in the presence of probiotic bacteria, respectively. This is the first report on the effect of probiotic bacteria on reducing the fraction of mycotoxins available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract from different food products. 相似文献
50.
Rawaa Ammar Antoine G. El Samrani Véronique Kazpard Joseph Bassil Bruno Lartiges Zeinab Saad Lei Chou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):9014-9025
One of the most important sources of solid waste in the Mediterranean Basin ecosystem originated from the phosphate fertilizer industries, which discharge phosphogypsum (PG) directly into aquatic environments or are stacked on stockpiles. The present study investigates metal release from PG under the influence of variable pH, increasing PG mass content, and complexing organic matter ligands. Major ions from PG leachates, grain size and charge, main functional groups along with metal leachability (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn) were determined using ion chromatography, laser diffraction, zetameter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. The complete dissolution of PG recorded is at 2 g/L. Saturation and supersaturation with respect to PG may occur at concentrations of 3 and 4 g/L, respectively, revealing a clustering phenomenon leading to heavy metal encapsulation within the aggregates. Organic ligands such as citrate may trigger the cationic exchange within the PG suspension leading to ion release. As these factors are considered as specific process involving the release of contaminants from PG during storage under natural conditions, this study could set the foundations for PG remediation in aquatic environment. Organic ligands under controlled pH conditions could be utilized in treating fertilizer industrial wastes by taking into consideration the particularity of the receiving area, thus decreasing metal hazardous impact on natural media. 相似文献