凯氏定氮仪在固废全氮测定中的应用研究

固体废物中全氮的测定一般采用半微量开式法(CJ/T 103-1999),此方法存在效率低下、操作困难等问题。对半微量开氏法测定城市生活垃圾中全氮方法进行了研究和改进。一是以数控消解炉替代调温电炉进行样品消解,大大缩短了消解时间;二是以自动凯氏定氮仪替代开氏蒸馏器进行自动蒸馏,方便清洗和样品加入,并和数控消解炉配合使用,提高实验效率。经过实际样品的测定,并与国标测定方法进行对比,证明改进后的测定方法准确可行、实验操作方便,实验效率得到提高,效果良好。     

用四-(对氨基苯基)-卟啉柱前衍生的高效液相色谱法测定重金属

研究了用固相萃取富集、快速分离柱高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中镍、锡、铅、镉、汞5种重金属的方法。环境水样中的镍、锡、铅、镉、汞用四-(对氨基苯基)-卟啉(T4APP)柱前衍生,然后用ZORBAX RP18固相萃取小柱萃取富集镍、锡、铅、镉、汞的T4APP络合物,经富集后的络合物用甲醇-丙酮(体积比95∶5)为流动相,ZORBAX Stab le Bound(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)快速分离柱为固定相分离,用二极管矩阵检测器检测。镍、锡、铅、镉、汞的检测限分别为4,5,4,3,3 ng/L,分离5种重金属元素络合物的时间只需2.0 m in,相对标准偏差为2.2%~4.1%,加标回收率为88%~104%。用该法测定环境水样中的痕量镍、锡、铅、镉、汞,结果令人满意。     

Physiological effects of tetracycline antibiotic pollutants on non-target aquatic Microcystis aeruginosa

This study aimed to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of three typical tetracycline antibiotics, including tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline, on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. The cell density, chlorophyll a content, protein content, and enzymatic antioxidant activities were determined. The results showed that the cell growth was significantly inhibited by the three compounds at a low concentration. The chlorophyll a and protein content decreased significantly after exposure to 0.05 mg L^?1 of each compound for 9 d. When exposed to 0.2–1 mg L^?1 of tetracycline, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased, but peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities decreased. In contrast, when exposed to oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline at different concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1 mg L^?1 and from 0.01 to 0.05 mg L^?1, the SOD activity decreased, but the POD and CAT activities increased. These findings indicate that tetracycline antibiotics influence cell growth and protein synthesis, and they also induce oxidative stress in M. aeruginosa at environmentally similar concentrations. Thus, this study may provide further insights into the toxic effects of tetracycline antibiotics and the controlled use of antibiotics.     

基于CaO2的污泥处理应用技术研究进展

随着污水处理厂排泥量的剧增,污泥的处理处置成为当今急需解决的环境问题之一。基于目前污泥处理中CaO₂相关技术的研究现状,综述了CaO₂技术对于污泥减量化、无害化、资源化处理的促进作用,包括改善污泥脱水性能、实现污泥增溶减量、去除污泥中的有机污染物及重金属、促进污泥厌氧消化产酸产氢产甲烷等,展望了CaO₂相关技术的发展前景,以期为CaO₂相关污泥处理技术的研究与应用提供参考。     

CO2 emissions from tropical drained peat in Sumatra,Indonesia

With the increasing use of tropical peatland for agricultural development, documentation of the rate of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions is becoming important for national greenhouse gas inventories. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil-surface CO₂ fluxes from drained peat under different land-use systems in Riau and Jambi Provinces, Sumatra, Indonesia. Increase of CO₂ concentration was tracked in measurement chambers using an Infrared Gas Analyzer (IRGA, LI-COR 820 model). The results showed that CO₂ flux under oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations ranged from 34?±?16 and 45?±?25 Mg CO₂ ha^–1 year^–1 in two locations in Jambi province to 66?±?25 Mg CO₂ ha^–1 year^–1 for a site in Riau. For adjacent plots within 3.2 km in the Kampar Peninsula, Riau, CO₂ fluxes from an oil palm plantation, an Acacia plantation, a secondary forest and a rubber plantation were 66?±?25, 59?±?19, 61?±?25, 52?±?17 Mg ha^–1 year^–1, respectively, while on bare land sites it was between 56?±?30 and 67?±?24 Mg CO₂ ha^–1 year^–1, indicating no significant differences among the different land-use systems in the same landscape. Unexplained site variation seems to dominate over land use in influencing CO₂ flux. CO₂ fluxes varied with time of day (p?<?0.001) with the noon flux as the highest, suggesting an overestimate of the mean flux values with the absence of night-time measurements. In general, CO₂ flux increased with the depth of water table, suggesting the importance of keeping the peat as wet as possible.     

室内化学污染及治理

不论是工作还是起居亦或健身运动,现代都市人越来越依赖室内.这时室内环境的质量就尤其重要.本文就室内环境污染介绍了它对我们生活的影响,一些主要化学污染物的性质来源及中毒症状,在最后讲述了一些预防治理措施.     

拟南芥硫酯酶基因(atfata)在大肠杆菌中的表达及其对游离脂肪酸合成的影响

硫酯酶催化脂酰ACP(酰基载体蛋白)水解生成游离脂肪酸和ACP载体蛋白,能够解除脂肪酸合成与磷脂合成的偶联,是获得游离脂肪酸的关键基因.将拟南芥的硫酯酶基因atfata克隆到原核表达载体pET30a上,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达了His-tag融合蛋白,经SDS-PAGE检测获得特异性表达条带.对该重组菌株进行摇瓶发酵实验,GC-MS检测表明其与对照菌株脂肪酸组成并未发生变化;但其脂肪酸产量达到232.06 mg/L,比对照菌株提高了70%;同时胞外游离脂肪酸产量达到了33 mg/L,占总脂肪酸含量的15%,是野生菌株胞外脂肪酸产量的7倍.图3表2参17     

浅议啤酒项目环境影响评价中的公众参与

对啤酒项目环境影响评价中公众参与的法律依据、公众参与的方式、公众参与实际执行过程中应注意和存在的问题进行了较为详细的探讨。     

免疫毒性评价中不同淋巴细胞激活剂致大鼠外周全血产生细胞因子作用的评价

淋巴细胞激活剂可有效活化免疫细胞,进而促进细胞因子的产生和分泌,但不同激活剂及激活方式的选择直接影响细胞因子产生的种类和水平。为评价不同激活剂促细胞因子产生的作用,筛选一种快速有效的激活方法用于细胞因子检测,本研究采用不同浓度佛波酯(PMA)/钙离子载体、植物血凝素(PHA)、刀豆蛋白A(Con A)、脂多糖(LPS)和美洲商陆素(PWM)体外激活大鼠外周全血0、2、4、6、8、10 h,对各样本中10种细胞因子(白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、白细胞介素13(IL-13)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、受激活调节正常T细胞表达和分泌因子(RANTES)和转化生长因子β(TGF-β))含量进行检测,并评价了环孢素A和硫唑嘌呤2种免疫抑制剂对激活剂诱导产生细胞因子的抑制作用。结果表明25 ng·mL-1PMA和1μg·mL-1钙离子载体体外诱导6 h可以显著升高大鼠外周全血IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α、RANTES和TGF-β含量,是一种作用广泛的激活方法。其诱导产生细胞因子作用的变化可反映机体免疫系统和功能的损伤,可有效用于外源化学物免疫毒性评价。