国有划拨土地权益金额确定问题的探讨

随着城市建设和经济发展,划拨土地使用权将进入市场流通。明确划拨土地使用权的财产权性质、合理评估其价格已很必要。与出让土地使用权相比,划拨土地使用权具有特殊性,其价格不宜采用先评估出让土地使用权后扣除出让金的方式评估。作为尝试,可以先评估划拨土地基准地价,用以指导划拨土地价格评估,衡量评估结果。     

黄河断流对全球气候变化的响应

全球气候的异常变化导致了我国北方趋于干暖化 ,出现黄河断流现象 ,并成为我国一个严重的环境问题。黄河断流在历史时期就已存在 ,并非现在才出现。由于全球气候的异常变化 ,整个黄河流域变得干暖 ,降水量减少并集中分布在夏季 ,且多以暴雨形式出现 ;蒸发量因干旱强度的增大而增大 ;水土流失使河床淤高 ,增加了河水的下渗量和蒸发量 ,使中下游地区的水流无法汇入到黄河干流 ,最终造成断流。黄河断流是该河流对全球气候变化的响应 ,是全球气候异常变化的必然结果。为了解决黄河断流问题 ,可以采取全流域人工降雨、下游低洼地区蓄水以及南水北调中线工程等有效措施。     

环境污染控制设施分级标准及其计算

治理设施分级和设施评价是不可分割的，根据评价目的、方法和结果，可以提出相应的设施分级标准，分级标准确立后，就成为设施评价的依据。本文提出的功效指数法建立了综合评价环境污染控制设施的分级标准。     

Phytochelatins do not correlate with the level of Cd accumulation in Chlamydomonas spp

Chlamydomonas acidophila KT-1 and Chlamydomonas acidophila DVB238 exhibit a strong heavy metal tolerance, but C. acidophila DVB238 can accumulate a much higher amount of Cadmium (Cd) than C. acidophila KT-1. Phytochelatins (PCs) are known to play an important role in the detoxification of several toxic heavy metals, but the relationship between PCs and Cd accumulation is not clear. PC metabolism and Cd accumulation were investigated by using three Chlamydomonas strains including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii C-9 as a standard alga. The results showed that the PC content did not correlate closely with the level of Cd accumulation, maintenance of a high GSH level seeming to be more important for Cd accumulation. The ultrastructure of C. acidophila KT-1 was extremely disrupted by a great increase in starch granules, which resulted in a moribund state, but hyper-accumulator C. acidophila DVB238 did not exhibit an increase in starch granules in its cells, in spite of Cd accumulation in its chloroplasts, cytosol and vacuoles. These results indicated that C. acidophila DVB238 probably has a developed detoxification system preventing such as destruction of the cells due to Cd toxicity.     

基于微观尺度的城市建设用地集约利用评价——以西宁市为例

以西宁市市区2008年建设用地数据为依据,选择居住用地、商业用地和工业用地的典型宗地,运用综合评价法测算出各类型宗地的土地利用集约度.从整体上看,西宁市工业用地集约利用水平最高,居住用地次之,商业用地集约利用水平最低.     

现行排污许可制度的分析及几点完善措施

中国排污许可证制度虽已建立并实行,但实质是一种末端治理的环境管理手段,在制度实践过程中存在一些弊端,与其他环境管理制度相比较,已难以满足行政管理部门对环境管理的需要。论文分析了环境容量的特性及政府对环境进行管理的法理基础及法律依据,结合先进的环保理念及现行的法律法规,尤其是结合新修订的《清洁生产促进法》,提出现行排污许可存在不足的几个方面,提出完善排污许可的制度设计及修改相关条文的一些具体措施。     

Root- and peat-based CO2 emissions from oil palm plantations

Measured carbon dioxide (CO₂) flux from peat soils using the closed chamber technique combines root-related (autotrophic + heterotrophic where rhizosphere organisms are involved) and peat-based (heterotrophic) respiration. The latter contributes to peat loss while the former is linked to recent CO₂ removal through photosynthesis. The objective of this study was to separate root- from peat-based respiration. The study was conducted on peatland under 6 and 15 year old oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in Jambi Province, Indonesia in 2011 to 2012. CO₂ emissions were measured in the field from 25 cm diameter and 25 cm tall closed chambers using an infrared gas analyser. Root sampling and CO₂ emissions measurements were at distances of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 m from the centre of the base of the palm tree. The emission rate for the six and 15 year old oil palm plantations at ≥3.0 m from the centre of the tree were 38.2?±?9.5 and 34.1?±?15.9 Mg CO₂ ha^?1 yr^?1, respectively. At distances <2.5 m, total respiration linearly decreased with distances from the trees. Heterotrophic respirations were 86 % of the 44.7?±?11.2 and 71 % of 47.8?±?21.3 Mg CO₂ ha^?1 yr^?1 of weighted surface flux, respectively for the 6 and 15 year old plantations. We propose that CO₂ flux measurements in oil palm plantations made at a distance of ≥3 m from the tree centre be used to represent the heterotrophic respiration that is relevant for the environmental impact assessment.     

活性炭纤维电极产生过氧化氢的影响因素与机制研究

以活性炭纤维为阴极、RuO2/Ti网为阳极、Na2SO4为支持电解质的电化学体系为研究对象,研究了电流强度、pH值和溶解氧含量等主要参数对电化学体系产生H2O2的影响.结果显示,在电流强度0.12～0.50 A范围内,H2O2的生成量随着电流强度增大而升高,反应60 min后,H2O2浓度可达稳定值;电化学体系具有较宽泛的pH范围,初始pH在2.0～6.0时活性炭纤维阴极产生的H2O2均高于500μmol.L-1,pH 2.0时H2O2生成量最大,可达575.8μmol.L-1;体系中溶解氧浓度影响H2O2的电化学生成量,溶解氧浓度越高H2O2生成量越大;无背景气体通入时,电化学体系自身产生的溶解氧可以支持活性炭纤维阴极产生高浓度的H2O2.研究结果表明具有高比表面积的活性炭纤维电极是一种高效的电-Fenton阴极.     

SEs在城市污泥处理处置过程中的归趋研究进展

近年来,内分泌干扰物因损坏生物的内分泌系统而引起人们的广泛关注。其中甾体雌激素(SEs)由于具有极强的内分泌干扰能力,在极其微量的情况下便可对生态系统及人和动物的健康产生不可预测的危害,而城市污水处理厂排放的剩余污泥是环境中该类化合物的重要来源。文章结合最近国内外的研究成果,指出了研究内分泌干扰物在城市污水处理厂剩余污泥处理过程中归趋的重要性,重点总结了有关雌酮、17β-雌二醇、雌三醇、17α-乙炔雌二醇等甾体雌激素在城市污水处理厂污泥处理过程中归趋的主要研究进展,包括4种甾体雌激素的基本理化性质、城市污泥处理系统各处理单元中雌激素的背景含量、主要污泥处理过程对雌激素的去除效果及其机制等,并展望了今后该方面的研究前景、热点和趋势。     

Catalytic activities of zeolite compounds for decomposing aqueous ozone

The advanced oxidation process (AOP), chemical oxidation using aqueous ozone in the presence of appropriate catalysts to generate highly reactive oxygen species, offers an attractive option for removing poorly biodegradable pollutants. Using the commercial zeolite powders with various Si/Al ratios and crystal structures, their catalytic activities for decomposing aqueous ozone were evaluated by continuously flowing ozone to water containing the zeolite powders. The hydrophilic zeolites (low Si/Al ratio) with alkali cations in the crystal structures were found to possess high catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. The hydrophobic zeolite compounds (high Si/Al ratio) were found to absorb ozone very well, but to have no catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. Their catalytic activities were also evaluated by using the fixed bed column method. When alkali cations were removed by acid rinsing or substituted by alkali-earth cations, the catalytic activities was significantly deteriorated. These results suggest that the metal cations on the crystal surface of the hydrophilic zeolite would play a key role for catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone.