全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1138篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 40篇 |
废物处理 | 35篇 |
环保管理 | 244篇 |
综合类 | 156篇 |
基础理论 | 254篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 260篇 |
评价与监测 | 64篇 |
社会与环境 | 100篇 |
灾害及防治 | 11篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 26篇 |
2013年 | 140篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 59篇 |
2010年 | 37篇 |
2009年 | 44篇 |
2008年 | 66篇 |
2007年 | 72篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 15篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1165条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Odor and gas release from anaerobic lagoons for treating swine waste affect air quality in neighboring communities but rates of release are not well documented. A buoyant convective flux chamber (BCFC) was used to determine the effect of lagoon loading rate on measured odor and gas releases from two primary lagoons at a simulated wind speed of 1.0 m s(-1). Concentrations of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitric oxide (NO) in 50-L air samples were measured. A panel of human subjects, whose sensitivity was verified with a certified reference odorant, evaluated odor concentration, intensity, and hedonic tone. Geometric mean odor concentrations of BCFC inlet and outlet samples and of downwind berm samples were 168 +/- 44 (mean +/- 95% confidence interval), 262 +/- 60, and 114 +/- 38 OU(E) m(-3) (OU(E), European odor unit, equivalent to 123 microg n-butanol), respectively. The overall geometric mean odor release was 2.3 +/- 1.5 OU(E) s(-1) m(-2) (1.5 +/- 0.9 OU s(-1) m(-2)). The live mass specific geometric mean odor release was 13.5 OU(E) s(-1) AU(-1) (animal unit = 500 kg live body mass). Overall mean NH3, H2S, CO2 and SO2 releases were 101 +/- 24, 5.7 +/- 2.0, 852 +/- 307, and 0.5 +/- 0.4 microg s(-1) m(-2), respectively. Nitric oxide was not detected. Odor concentrations were directly proportional to H2S and CO2 concentrations and odor intensity, and inversely proportional to hedonic tone and SO2 concentration (P < 0.05). Releases of NH3, H2S, and CO2 were directly proportional (P < 0.05) to volatile solids loading rate (VSLR). 相似文献
102.
Public involvement is recognized by legislators, practitioners, academics, nongovernment organizations and, most importantly,
affected communities, as a fundamental component of environmental assessment (EA) processes. Experience with public involvement
in EA has proven, however, that despite good intentions, there are formidable barriers to participation. This paper examines
this issue, largely through a case study of a new Can$120 million hog processing facility in Brandon, Canada. Primary data
were collected in three phases, using multiple methodological techniques, including document review, qualitative interviews,
and a mail questionnaire. Results included a diverse list of barriers to involvement, grouped into two primary categories:
structural and individual. A significant structural barrier was a belief that becoming involved would not make a difference
as the ultimate decision in the case was a foregone conclusion. An important individual barrier was that people did not know
about the EA. Finally, the results indicated that lack of interest was not an important reason for nonparticipation. 相似文献
103.
Strand P Howard BJ Aarkrog A Balonov M Tsaturov Y Bewers JM Salo A Sickel M Bergman R Rissanen K 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2002,60(1-2):5-21
Arctic residents, whose diets comprise a large proportion of traditional terrestrial and freshwater foodstuffs, have received the highest radiation exposures to artificial radionuclides in the Arctic. Doses to members of both the average population and selected indigenous population groups in the Arctic depend on the rates of consumption of locally-derived terrestrial and freshwater foodstuffs, including reindeer/caribou meat, freshwater fish, goat cheese, berries, mushrooms and lamb. The vulnerability of arctic populations, especially indigenous peoples, to radiocaesium deposition is much greater than for temperate populations due to the importance of terrestrial, semi-natural exposure pathways where there is high radiocaesium transfer and a long ecological half-life for this radionuclide. In contrast, arctic residents with diets largely comprising marine foodstuffs have received comparatively low radiation exposures because of the lower levels of contamination of marine organisms. Using arctic-specific information, the predicted collective dose is five times higher than that estimated by UNSCEAR for temperate areas. The greatest threats to human health and the environment posed by human and industrial activities in the Arctic are associated with the potential for accidents in the civilian and military nuclear sectors. Of most concern are the consequences of potential accidents in nuclear power plant reactors, during the handling and storage of nuclear weapons, in the decommissioning of nuclear submarines and in the disposal of spent nuclear fuel from vessels. It is important to foster a close association between risk assessment and practical programmes for the purposes of improving monitoring, formulating response strategies and implementing action plans. 相似文献
104.
Volpe AM Bandong BB Esser BK Bianchini GM 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2002,60(3):365-380
Radiocesium, 137Cs, and rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in suspended material and dissolved fractions of waters across the salinity gradient in North San Francisco Bay (estuary). We describe the variation of this conservative isotope tracer with salinity and sediment load. REE data are used to differentiate marine and terrigenous source terrains for suspended material and dissolved fractions. We estimate that about 1-4 x 10(10) Bq of 137Cs migrates annually on suspended material through the North Bay. In addition, 137Cs concentrations were measured in surface waters off Baja California. Combined in situ water density (sigma(t)) and 137Cs data distinguish between California Current and Gulf of California water, and delineate areas of upwelling, where nutrient-rich, deep Pacific Intermediate water, with little or no 137Cs, is brought to the surface off promontories along Baja California. 相似文献
105.
Frank J. Triska John H. Duff Richard W. Sheibley Alan P. Jackman Ronald J. Avanzino 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(1):60-71
Abstract: Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention‐transport through a headwater catchment was synthesized from studies encompassing four distinct hydrologic zones of the Shingobee River Headwaters near the origin of the Mississippi River. The hydrologic zones included: (1) hillslope ground water (ridge to bankside riparian); (2) alluvial riparian ground water; (3) ground water discharged through subchannel sediments (hyporheic zone); and (4) channel surface water. During subsurface hillslope transport through Zone 1, DIN, primarily nitrate, decreased from ~3 mg‐N/l to <0.1 mg‐N/l. Ambient seasonal nitrate:chloride ratios in hillslope flow paths indicated both dilution and biotic processing caused nitrate loss. Biologically available organic carbon controlled biotic nitrate retention during hillslope transport. In the alluvial riparian zone (Zone 2) biologically available organic carbon controlled nitrate depletion although processing of both ambient and amended nitrate was faster during the summer than winter. In the hyporheic zone (Zone 3) and stream surface water (Zone 4) DIN retention was primarily controlled by temperature. Perfusion core studies using hyporheic sediment indicated sufficient organic carbon in bed sediments to retain ground water DIN via coupled nitrification‐denitrification. Numerical simulations of seasonal hyporheic sediment nitrification‐denitrification rates from perfusion cores adequately predicted surface water ammonium but not nitrate when compared to 5 years of monthly field data (1989‐93). Mass balance studies in stream surface water indicated proportionally higher summer than winter N retention. Watershed DIN retention was effective during summer under the current land use of intermittently grazed pasture. However, more intensive land use such as row crop agriculture would decrease nitrate retention efficiency and increase loads to surface water. Understanding DIN retention capacity throughout the system, including special channel features such as sloughs, wetlands and floodplains that provide surface water‐ground water connectivity, will be required to develop effective nitrate management strategies. 相似文献
106.
Christopher M. Smemoe E. James Nelson Alan K. Zundel A. Woodruff Miller 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(2):359-371
Abstract: The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood maps depict the 100‐year recurrence interval floodplain boundary as a single line. However, because of natural variability and model uncertainty, no floodplain extents can be accurately defined by a single line. This article presents a new approach to floodplain mapping that takes advantage of accepted methodologies in hydrologic and hydraulic analysis while including the effects of uncertainty. In this approach, the extents of computed floodplain boundaries are defined as a continuous map of flood probabilities, rather than as a single line. Engineers and planners can use these flood probability maps for viewing the uncertainty of a floodplain boundary at any recurrence interval. Such a flood probability map is a useful tool for visualizing the uncertainty of a floodplain boundary and represents greater honesty in engineering technologies that are used for flood mapping. While institutional barriers may prevent adoption of such definitions for use in graduated flood insurance rates (as most other insurance industries use to account for relative risks), the methods open the door technically to such a reality. 相似文献
107.
Irreversible environmental changes are occurring along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon as a result of regulation of the river flow by the Glen Canyon Dam. The questions of primary importance in managing this great natural resource are 1) in what manner and how rapidly are the physical and ecological adjustments taking place, and 2) is the increased use of the river for recreational boating contributing to the degradation? Human use along the Colorado River is limited, for the most part, to the relic, pre-dam fluvial deposits colloquially called “beaches.” With the new river regime these deposits are positioned well above the present high-water stage, 27,000 cubic feet/second (cfs), or 765 cubic meters/second (cms), so they are not replenished periodically as they were prior to construction of the dam in 1963. The dominant natural processes now are aeolian sand transport and mass wasting. The float-trip passengers use the river beaches for hiking, camping, and. lunch stops. At the most desirable sites thirty to forty people camp on the beaches each night over a four to five month season. Human impact includes incorporation of campsite litter, burial of chemically treated waste, and the direct stress associated with people walking on the vegetation and unstable sedimentary deposits. Results of our investigations indicate that the rate of degradation at the most heavily used sites exceeds the capacity of aeolian processes to reestablish natural landscapes. Therefore, careful management of float trjps is needed if these environments are to be maintained in a natural state rather than a “sand-box” state. 相似文献
108.
109.