全文获取类型
收费全文 | 643篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 29篇 |
废物处理 | 31篇 |
环保管理 | 103篇 |
综合类 | 91篇 |
基础理论 | 161篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 143篇 |
评价与监测 | 43篇 |
社会与环境 | 48篇 |
灾害及防治 | 17篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 23篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 52篇 |
2012年 | 29篇 |
2011年 | 40篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 28篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1931年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有667条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
Peter A. Hesbach Ann G. Kim Alexander S. P. Abel Steven C. Lamey 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):523-545
Although many leaching methods have been used for various purposes by research groups, industries, and regulators, there is still a need for a simple but comprehensive approach to leaching coal utilization by-products and other granular materials in order to estimate potential release of heavy metals when these materials are exposed to natural fluids. A serial batch characterization method has been developed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory that can be completed in 2–3 days to serve as a screening tool. The procedure provides an estimate of cumulative metals release under varying pH conditions, and leaching the sample at increasing liquid/solid ratios can indicate the rate at which this process will occur. This method was applied to eight fly ashes, adapted to the acidic or alkaline nature of the ash. The leachates were analyzed for 30 elements. The test was run in quadruplicate, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was used as a measure of method reproducibility. RSD values are between 0.02 and 0.70, with the majority of the RSD values less than 0.3. The serial batch leaching procedure was developed as a simple, relatively quick, yet comprehensive method of estimating the risk of heavy metal release from fly ash when it is exposed to natural fluids, such as acid rain or groundwater. Tests on a random selection of coal fly ashes have shown it to be a reasonably precise method for estimating the availability and long-term release of cations from fly ash. 相似文献
122.
Carmen?Rossini Alexander?Bezzerides Andrés?González Maria?Eisner Thomas?EisnerEmail author 《Chemoecology》2003,13(4):199-205
Summary. Evidence is presented that pyrrolizidine alkaloid acquired
by Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) as a larva
from Crotalaria foodplants is incorporated in part into the scales
of the adult. A single forewing of a male or female moth may contain in
the order of 6 to 13 g monocrotaline in its scale cover or about 1 to 2%
of the moths systemic monocrotaline content. Based on estimates of the number
of scales per forewing, the monocrotaline content of individual scales is calculated
to be in the order of 0.1 and 0.2 ng monocrotaline per male and female scale,
respectively. This amounts to concentrations of about 1 and 3%, values roughly at
a par with the average systemic concentration (0.5-0.6%) previously determined
for monocrotaline in Utetheisa. It is argued that the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloid
in the moths scale coating could account for the promptness with which adult Utetheisa are
rejected by spiders. It is suggested further that chemical impregnation of scales with substances
deterrent to predators may be more widespread among insects than generally assumed. 相似文献
123.
Anestis Filippidis Panagiotis Misaelides Alexander Clouvas Athanasios Godelitsas Nikolaos Barbayiannis Ioannis Anousis 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1997,19(2):83-88
A black-sand formation located at Touzla Cape, near Thessaloniki city, Greece, was investigated using optical microscopy, powder-XRD, SEM-EDS, INAA and in-situ -ray spectrometry. This black sand is mainly composed of ilmenite, magnetite, garnet, zircon and rutile. Also present, in minor or trace amounts, are quartz, sphene, pyroxenes, sillimanite, feldspars, biotite, haematite, tourmaline, chromite, niobian-rutile and pyrrhotite. Niobian-rutile and pyrrhotite were found as inclusions in ilmenite and magnetite respectively. The radioactivity measurements indicated contributions of the uranium and thorium radioactive series and of 40K and 137Cs, and the maximum value of the total absorbed dose rate in air was found to be 62, 172, 8 and 2 nGy h-1 respectively. The main radioactivity of the uranium and thorium series is attributed to the fractions of zircon (304 µg Th g-1 and 157 µg U g-1), of ilmenite (89 µg Th g-1) and to a lesser extent to the fraction of garnet (5 µg Th g-1). The zircon fraction also contained 5076 µg Hf g-1. Some minerals and elements (Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, U) contained in the black sand could be of potential economic value. The high proportions of monomineralic grains along with the variations observed in mineral phases, in colour, in sphericity, in roundness, in grain size, in composition and in mineral inclusions, imply that the minerals and grains were subjected to several cycles of weathering and sedimentation, as well as being derived from multiple source rocks and areas. 相似文献
124.
C. C. Smart L. Zabo E. Calvin Alexander Jr. S. R. H. Worthington 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,53(2):305-320
A common technique for ground water tracing uses continuous or discrete analysis of fluorescent tracer dyes to produce tracer breakthrough curves which can be analysed to determine ground water trajectory, velocity and dispersivity. Some fluorescent dyes are excellent tracers, but there remain significant constraints in fluorometry with respect to installation, control and data acquisition using standard filter fluorometers as well as with general analytical protocols. This paper identifies some of the constraints associated with the widely used Turner Designs Model 10 Series filter fluorometer and technical and operational solutions which can significantly improve the precision, accuracy and time resolution of tracer data. 相似文献
125.
Using an Allowance Reserve to Manage Uncertain Costs in a Cap-and-Trade Program for Greenhouse Gases
This paper investigates the design and performance of an allowance reserve in the context of a cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gases. We use a Monte Carlo approach in which the parameters of the marginal abatement cost function, and the supply of offsets, are drawn from specified distributions. Our framework focuses on the potential impact of “medium-run shocks” to abatement cost and offset supply, as opposed to either short-run volatility or permanent shifts in the cost curve. Our model suggests that under reasonable (and even fairly conservative) assumptions about abatement cost and offset supply, an allowance reserve broadly similar to recent proposals for US climate legislation can be effective in containing allowance prices. In our core policy scenario, with a trigger price equal to US $32 in 2015, we estimate that the probability of drawing on the allowance reserve is <25% and the probability of requiring more than 7?GT of reserve tons over 20?years is <5%. We also use the model to explore the trade-off among three features of the reserve that are most relevant to policy makers: the total size of the reserve, the trigger price, and the degree of confidence that the reserve will be large enough to limit allowance prices to the target level. Our essential result is that a lower trigger price, or a higher degree of confidence, requires a larger reserve. 相似文献
126.
Jürgens N Schmiedel U Haarmeyer DH Dengler J Finckh M Goetze D Gröngröft A Hahn K Koulibaly A Luther-Mosebach J Muche G Oldeland J Petersen A Porembski S Rutherford MC Schmidt M Sinsin B Strohbach BJ Thiombiano A Wittig R Zizka G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):655-678
The international, interdisciplinary biodiversity research project BIOTA AFRICA initiated a standardized biodiversity monitoring network along climatic gradients across the African continent. Due to an identified lack of adequate monitoring designs, BIOTA AFRICA developed and implemented the standardized BIOTA Biodiversity Observatories, that meet the following criteria (a) enable long-term monitoring of biodiversity, potential driving factors, and relevant indicators with adequate spatial and temporal resolution, (b) facilitate comparability of data generated within different ecosystems, (c) allow integration of many disciplines, (d) allow spatial up-scaling, and (e) be applicable within a network approach. A BIOTA Observatory encompasses an area of 1?km2 and is subdivided into 100 1-ha plots. For meeting the needs of sampling of different organism groups, the hectare plot is again subdivided into standardized subplots, whose sizes follow a geometric series. To allow for different sampling intensities but at the same time to characterize the whole square kilometer, the number of hectare plots to be sampled depends on the requirements of the respective discipline. A hierarchical ranking of the hectare plots ensures that all disciplines monitor as many hectare plots jointly as possible. The BIOTA Observatory design assures repeated, multidisciplinary standardized inventories of biodiversity and its environmental drivers, including options for spatial up- and downscaling and different sampling intensities. BIOTA Observatories have been installed along climatic and landscape gradients in Morocco, West Africa, and southern Africa. In regions with varying land use, several BIOTA Observatories are situated close to each other to analyze management effects. 相似文献
127.
Psillakis E Ntelekos A Mantzavinos D Nikolopoulos E Kalogerakis N 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(1):135-140
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS has been used to monitor the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by ultrasound treatment. Immersion SPME sampling enabled the fast and solventless extraction of target contaminants at the low microg l(-1) concentration level. The developed protocol was found to be linear in the concentration range from 0.1 to 50 microg l(-1) for most target analytes, with the limits of detection ranging between 0.01 and 0.70 microg l(-1) and the relative standard deviations between 4.31 and 27%. The developed SPME protocol was used to follow concentration profiles of aqueous solutions containing 16 PAHs, which were subject to low frequency ultrasonic irradiation. At the conditions employed in this study (80 kHz of ultrasound frequency, 130 W l(-1) of applied electric power density, 30 microg l(-1) of initial concentration for each of the 16 PAHs), sonochemical treatment was found capable of destroying the lower molecular weight PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene) within 120-180 min of irradiation. The higher molecular weight PAHs were more recalcitrant to ultrasound treatment. 相似文献
128.
Nieboer E Thomassen Y Romanova N Nikonov A Odland JØ Chaschin V 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(7):695-700
Urinary copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) concentrations were determined for 127 Cu refinery workers (40 females, 87 males), with values of the 95% upper confidence interval of the geometric mean in nmol per mmol creatinine of 89 (Ni), 42 (Cu) and 3.4 (Co) for electrorefinery workers. In the pyrometallurgical departments, the corresponding concentrations were 37 (Ni), 99 (Cu) and 11 (Co). Female workers had higher Co urinary concentrations than males (p< or = 0.05) while no gender difference was observed for Cu and Ni. Inter-elemental correlations were moderate to weak. Based on the inhalable aerosol levels reported previously for the same workers, the observed urinary Cu concentrations were considerably lower than expected, relative to Co and Ni. This is interpreted in terms of the current understanding of Cu homeostasis. 相似文献
129.
Although choristoderes have a good Lower Cretaceous record in Asia, they have never previously been recorded from Jurassic
deposits. Here we describe fragmentary vertebral material referable to Choristodera indet. from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai
Svita of the Fergana Valley, Kyrgyzstan. This provides a significant range extension for the group in Asia and shows that
choristoderes already had a Pan-Laurasian distribution in the Jurassic. 相似文献