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221.
Alexandre Roulin 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(3):375-382
Identifying the factors that mediate covariation between an ornament and other phenotypic attributes is important to determine
the signaling function of ornaments. Sign and magnitude of a covariation may vary across environments if the expression of
the ornament or of its linked genes regulating correlated phenotypes is condition-dependent. I investigated in the barn owl
Tyto alba whether sign and magnitude of covariation between body mass and two heritable melanin-based plumage ornaments change with
food supply, along the reproductive cycle and from the morning to the evening. Using a dataset of 1,848 measurements of body
mass in 336 breeding females, I found that females displaying large black spots were heavier than conspecifics with smaller
spots in the afternoon (i.e., a long time after the last feeding) but not in the morning (i.e., a short time after the last
feeding). This is consistent with the recently proposed hypothesis that eumelanin-based ornaments are associated with the
ability to maintain energy balance between food intake and energy expenditure. Thus, covariation between melanin-based coloration
and body mass can be detected only under specific conditions potentially explaining why it has been reported in only ten out
of 28 vertebrate species. The proposition that ornamented individuals achieve a higher fitness than drab conspecifics only
in specific environments should be tested for other ornaments. 相似文献
222.
Fontaine JJ 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(5):1403-1408
The loss of biodiversity is a mounting concern, but despite numerous attempts there are few large scale conservation efforts that have proven successful in reversing current declines. Given the challenge of biodiversity conservation, there is a need to develop strategic conservation plans that address species declines even with the inherent uncertainty in managing multiple species in complex environments. In 2002, the State Wildlife Grant program was initiated to fulfill this need, and while not explicitly outlined by Congress follows the fundamental premise of adaptive management, 'Learning by doing'. When action is necessary, but basic biological information and an understanding of appropriate management strategies are lacking, adaptive management enables managers to be proactive in spite of uncertainty. However, regardless of the strengths of adaptive management, the development of an effective adaptive management framework is challenging. In a review of 53 State Wildlife Action Plans, I found a keen awareness by planners that adaptive management was an effective method for addressing biodiversity conservation, but the development and incorporation of explicit adaptive management approaches within each plan remained elusive. Only ~25% of the plans included a framework for how adaptive management would be implemented at the project level within their state. There was, however, considerable support across plans for further development and implementation of adaptive management. By furthering the incorporation of adaptive management principles in conservation plans and explicitly outlining the decision making process, states will be poised to meet the pending challenges to biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
223.
Radhouani H Igrejas G Pinto L Gonçalves A Coelho C Rodrigues J Poeta P 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(8):2227-2233
Antimicrobial resistance and the mechanisms implicated were studied in 54 enterococci recovered from 57 seagull fecal samples. Almost 78% of the recovered enterococci showed resistance against one or more antibiotics and these isolates were identified to the species level. E. faecium was the most prevalent species (52.4%). High percentages of erythromycin and tetracycline resistances were found among our isolates (95.2%), and lower percentages were identified to other antibiotics. Most of the tetracycline-resistant strains carried the tet(M) and/or tet(L) genes. Genes associated with Tn916/Tn1545 and/or Tn5397 transposons were detected in 45% of tetracycline-resistant isolates. The erm(B) gene was detected in 65% of erythromycin-resistant isolates. The vat(D) and vat(E) genes were present in 5.9% and 11.8% of quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant isolates, respectively. The ant(6)-Ia gene was identified in 57.1% of streptomycin-resistant isolates. All nine kanamycin-resistant isolates carried the aph(3)'-IIIa gene. The cat(A) gene was found in two chloramphenicol-resistant isolates. Seagulls should be considered a risk species for spreading in the environment antimicrobial resistant enterococci and can serve as a sentinel for antibiotic pressure from the surrounding farm and urban setting. 相似文献
224.
Effects of Coffee Management Intensity on Composition, Structure, and Regeneration Status of Ethiopian Moist Evergreen Afromontane Forests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kitessa Hundera Raf Aerts Alexandre Fontaine Maarten Van Mechelen Pieter Gijbels Olivier Honnay Bart Muys 《Environmental management》2013,51(3):801-809
The effect of arabica coffee management intensity on composition, structure, and regeneration of moist evergreen Afromontane forests was studied in three traditional coffee-management systems of southwest Ethiopia: semiplantation coffee, semiforest coffee, and forest coffee. Vegetation and environmental data were collected in 84 plots from forests varying in intensity of coffee management. After controlling for environmental variation (altitude, aspect, slope, soil nutrient availability, and soil depth), differences in woody species composition, forest structure, and regeneration potential among management systems were compared using one way analysis of variance. The study showed that intensification of forest coffee cultivation to maximize coffee production negatively affects diversity and structure of Ethiopian moist evergreen Afromontane forests. Intensification of coffee productivity starts with the conversion of forest coffee to semiforest coffee, which has significant negative effects on tree seedling abundance. Further intensification leads to the conversion of semiforest to semiplantation coffee, causing significant diversity losses and the collapse of forest structure (decrease of stem density, basal area, crown closure, crown cover, and dominant tree height). Our study underlines the need for shade certification schemes to include variables other than canopy cover and that the loss of species diversity in intensively managed coffee systems may jeopardize the sustainability of coffee production itself through the decrease of ecosystem resilience and disruption of ecosystem services related to coffee yield, such as pollination and pest control. 相似文献
225.
Diório Alexandre Díaz-Angulo Jennyfer Castellanos Reynel M. Gomes Ana I. Bergamasco Rosângela Vieira Marcelo Fernandes Dezotti Márcia Mueses Miguel Angel Machuca-Martinez Fiderman Vilar Vítor J. P. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42120-42129
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This work aims to integrate several hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activation mechanisms, photolysis (UVC irradiation), chemical electron transfer (TiO2-P25... 相似文献
226.
Davis Lodinikki Lemoy Aragão Walessa Alana Bragança de Oliveira Lopes Géssica Eiró Luciana Guimaraes Freire Alexandre Rodrigues Prado Felippe Bevilacqua Rossi Ana Cláudia da Silva Cruz Allan das Graças Fernandes Dantas Kelly Albuquerque Alan Rodrigo Leal Paz Simone Patricia Aranha Angélica Rômulo Simões Lima Rafael Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(10):13930-13940
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There are a few data relating to the effects of lead (Pb) exposure on the alveolar bone, which has very distinct morphophysiological characteristics... 相似文献