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51.
Athlua B. Attygalle Karla Jessen Hans-Jürgen Bestmann Alfred Buschinger Ulrich Maschwitz 《Chemoecology》1996,7(1):8-12
Summary Gas chromatographic analyses of volatizable material from gaster intersegmental complex glands ofP. tridentata revealed the presence of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, methyl oleate, and several long-chain hydrocarbons as major constituents, which form an oily fluid mixture. The nest relocation communication ofP. tridentata is tandem running. Tandem following is mediated by pheromones as demonstrated by dummy experiments with isolated gasters and thoraces and with glass balls. The secretions of all gaster complex glands, as well as hind gut contents and metapleural gland secretions, were unable to evoke tandem following. Morphology and position of the glands, lack of pheromonal function, oily properties, low volatility, and lack of antibiotic effects of these secretions strongly suggest a function as lubricants for the ants' gastral segments. 相似文献
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The heavy metal ions Zn(II), Pb(II), Cr(III) and Hg(II) were examined in regard of their adsorption behaviour towards Kaolin W from Lohrheim (51% illite, 31% kaolinite and 18% quarz). By means of the Langmuir and Freundlich models the determined adsorption isothermes could be linearized. The ability of glycine and histidine solutions to release heavy metal ions, pre-adsorbed on Kaolin W (36,1–2300 mg kg?1 Zn, Pb, Cr and Hg), was specified. It was found a low influence of glycine, but an evident influence of histidine to the metal release, expecially of Pb and Cr, depending on the metalcoating, metal-amino acid-ratio, experimental pH and testing period. The highest remobilisation fraction, up to 98%, could be found in the case of Zn. This elucidates an enhancement of the zinc release compared with the blank solution, without containing amino acids, to a factor of maximal 9,3. As far as Pb and Cr were concerned the histidine extraction exeeded the remobilisation in the blank solution by a maximum of 50,8 or 40. As Hg develops strong covalent bondings to illite by OH-bridges, the release of Hg was not affected by the amino acids. 相似文献
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Brett C. Singer Alfred T. Hodgson William W Nazaroff 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2003,37(39-40):5551
Sorption of emitted gas-phase organic compounds onto material surfaces affects environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) composition and exposures indoors. We have introduced a new metric, the exposure relevant emission factor (EREF) that accounts for sorptive uptake and reemission to give the mass of individual ETS constituents available for exposure over a day in which smoking occurs. This paper describes month-long experiments to investigate sorption effects on EREFs and potential ETS exposures under habitual smoking conditions. Cigarettes were smoked in a 50-m3 furnished room over a 3-h period 6–7 days per week, with continuous ventilation at 0.3, 0.6, or 2.1 h−1. Organic gas concentrations were measured every few days over 4-h “smoking”, 10-h “post-smoking” and 10-h “background” periods. Concentration patterns of volatile ETS components including 1,3-butadiene, benzene and acrolein were similar to those calculated for a theoretical non-sorbing tracer, indicating limited sorption. Concentrations of ETS tracers, e.g. 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) and nicotine, and lower volatility toxic air contaminants including phenol, cresols, and naphthalene increased as experiments progressed, indicating mass accumulation on surfaces and higher desorption rates. Daily patterns stabilized after week 2, yielding a steady daily cycle of ETS concentrations associated with habitual smoking. EREFs for sorbing compounds were higher under steady cycle versus single-day smoking conditions by 50% for 3-EP, and by 2–3 times for nicotine, phenol, cresols, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes. Our results provide relevant information about potential indirect exposures from residual ETS (non-smoker enters room shortly after smoker finishes) and from reemission, and their importance relative to direct exposures (non-smoker present during smoking). Under the conditions examined, indirect exposures accounted for a larger fraction of total potential exposures for sorbing versus non-sorbing compounds, and at lower versus higher ventilation rates. Increasing ventilation can reduce indirect exposures to very low levels for non-sorbing ETS components, but indirect routes accounted for 50% of potential nicotine exposures during non-smoking periods at all ventilation rates. 相似文献
58.
Rainer Haas Alfred Krippendorf und Klaus Steinbach 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1997,9(5):243-244
Zusammenfassung Phenylarsindichlorid (PFIFFIKUS) reagiert bei Raumtemperatur in einer Gleichgewichtsreaktion schnell mit Alkoholen unter Bildung
von Phenylarsinbisether und Phenylarsinchloridether. Die Reaktionen verlaufen nicht quantitativ. Die Derivate wurden massenspektrometrisch
identifiziert.
相似文献
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Alfred J. Vella Alex Camilleri Jean Pierre Tabone Adami 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1996,18(4):165-170
The concentration of sulphate on limestone surfaces of the external walls of churches in Malta is shown to be related to their position and distance from a power station, the main local point source of sulphur dioxide pollution. Limestone powder collected from these surfaces was examined for the presence of particles which, under low-power optical microscopy, appear as shiny black amorphous bodies which were interpreted as soot particles; the abundance of these bodies was expressed as a black particle count (BPC). The degree of sulphation and BPC were shown to be correlated with each other and both appeared to be strongly dependent on the prevailing wind. The BPC contour map indicated an important contribution to the parameter from vehicular traffic. It is suggested that the degree of sulphation and BPC of limestone surfaces from the built environment should function as environmental indicators of the relative air quality with respect to SO2 and soot pollution. This data is possibly more accurately representative of the relative long-term air-quality status of different areas of habitation than that deduced from single or episodic measurements of atmospheric pollutant levels. 相似文献