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排序方式: 共有153条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Landfill leachate treatment using a rotating biological contactor and an upward-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper describes the feasibility of an aerobic system (rotating biological contactor, RBC) and a biological anaerobic system (upward-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor) at small scale for the treatment of a landfill leachate. In the first phase of the aerobic system study, a cyclic-batch RBC system was used to select perforated acetate discs among three different acetate disc configurations. These discs were chosen on the basis of high COD removal (65%) and biological stability. In the second phase, the RBC system (using four stages) was operated continuously at different hydraulic retention times (HRT), at different rotational speeds, and with varying organic concentrations of the influent leachate (2500-9000mgL(-1)). Forty percent of the total surface area of each perforated disc was submerged in the leachate. A COD removal of about 52% was obtained at an HRT of 24h and a rotational speed of 6rpm. For the anaerobic system, the reactor was evaluated with a volumetric organic load of 3273g-COD m(-3) day(-1) at an HRT of 54, 44, 39, 24 and 17h. At these conditions, the system reached COD removal efficiencies of 62%, 61%, 59%, 44% and 24%, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Dyer SD Peng C McAvoy DC Fendinger NJ Masscheleyn P Castillo LV Lim JM 《Chemosphere》2003,52(1):43-53
A risk assessment of chemical constituents in rivers that receive untreated wastewater should take into account the adverse effects of increased biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia and reduced dissolved oxygen (DO). This concept was tested via a field study in the Balatuin River, The Philippines, where the influence of physical and chemical factors, including the consumer product chemical linear alkylbenezene sulfonate (LAS), to aquatic communities (algae, invertebrates, fish) was determined. Periphytic algae were found to be insensitive to high BOD (>10 mg/l) and ammonia (>0.01 mg unionized NH(3)/l), concentrations from organically enriched untreated wastewater discharges. However, taxa richness and abundance of macroinvertebrates were influenced greatly by the discharges. Where BOD and ammonia concentrations were elevated, the dominant taxa were oligochaete worms and chironominds. Fish and crustaceans (freshwater crabs and prawns) were found only in sites with the least BOD concentrations (furthest upstream and downstream). The maximum concentration of LAS (0.122 mg/l) was less than that expected to affect 5% of taxa (0.245 mg/l), whereas exceedences of DO and ammonia criteria were observed in several sites. The lack of recovery observed was attributed to influences of low DO, high ammonia and poor colonization from upstream and downstream reaches due to organically-enriched discharges 相似文献
3.
Phosphates for Pb immobilization in soils: a review 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
In its soluble ionic forms, lead (Pb) is a toxic element occurring in waters and soils mainly as the result of human activities.
The bioavailability of lead ions can be decreased by complexation with various materials in order to decrease their toxicity.
Pb chemical immobilization using phosphate addition is a widely accepted technique to immobilize Pb from aqueous solution
and contaminated soils. The application of different P amendments cause Pb in soils to shift from forms with high availability
to the most strongly bound Pb fractions. The increase of Pb in the residual or insoluble fraction results from formation of
pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3X where X = F, Cl, Br, OH, the most stable environmental Pb compounds under a wide range of pH and Eh natural conditions.
Accidental pyromorphite ingestion does not yield bioavailable lead, because pyromorphite is insoluble in the intestinal tract.
Numerous natural and synthetic phosphates materials have been used to immobilize Pb: apatite and hydroxyapatite, biological
apatite, rock phosphate, soluble phosphate fertilizers such as monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid,
biosolids rich in P, phosphatic clay and mixtures. The identification of pyromorphite in phosphate amended soils has been
carried out by different non destructive techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure, transmission electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis.
The effectiveness of in situ Pb immobilization has also been evaluated by selective sequential extraction, by the toxicity
leaching procedure and by a physiologically based extraction procedure simulating metal ingestion and gastrointestinal bioavailability
to humans. Efficient Pb immobilization using P amendments requires increasing the solubility of the phosphate phase and of
the Pb species phase by inducing acid conditions. Although phosphorus addition seems to be highly effective, excess P in soil
and its potential effect on eutrophication of surface water, and the possibility of As enhanced leaching remains a concern.
The use of mixed treatments may be a useful strategy to improve their effectiveness in reducing lead phyto- and bioavailability. 相似文献
4.
Pilot survey of a broad range of priority pollutants in sediment and fish from the Ebro river basin (NE Spain) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lacorte S Raldúa D Martínez E Navarro A Diez S Bayona JM Barceló D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,140(3):471-482
Priority organic pollutants were investigated in sediments and fish collected along the Ebro river basin (NE Spain) to evaluate their occurrence, transport and bioavailability. Sediments were collected in 18 sites and two species of fish were captured in nine sites according to the availability in each area. The sampling sites covered industrial, urban and agricultural areas. Four methods were used to detect 20 organochlorine compounds (OCs), 8 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 3 organotin compounds, 2 alkylphenols and 40 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from purified extracts. The contamination pattern was site specific and no downstream increase in concentration of pollutants was observed but rather a generalized low level diffuse pollution. Target compounds were detected in sediments at 0.01 to 2331 microg/kg dry weight, and only OCs and PBDEs were accumulated in benthopelagic fish. Toxicological assessment was performed according to predicted environmental levels and revealed sites where adverse effects could occur. 相似文献
5.
Summary. Detection of heterospecific predators and prey
via chemical cues is well known, but only a few studies have
examined the potential for such discrimination in cannibalistic
systems. In newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, adults are
opportunistic predators of conspecific larvae. I used a laboratory
bioassay to determine whether larvae and adults distinguish
between chemical stimuli from members of the
different age classes. Larvae distinguished between chemical
stimuli from larvae and adults by decreasing their activity
only following exposure to stimuli from adults. Decreased
activity is consistent with an antipredator response in many
prey species, including larval newts. In contrast, adults
increased their activity and increased time spent in open
areas in response to stimuli from larvae, but not to stimuli
from adults. Increased activity is consistent with a feeding
response; adults also showed increased activity and
increased time in open areas in response to chemical stimuli
from familiar heterospecific prey (brine shrimp). The proximate
cue that allowed the newts to distinguish between the
different age classes is not associated with short-term
dietary differences because all stimulus animals were fed the
same prey. Stimulus strength was controlled by diluting the
stimulus solutions according to the volume of the stimulus
animal. Therefore, there appear to be intrinsic differences in
the chemical signatures of larval and adult newts. 相似文献
6.
Comparing Costs of Onsite Best Management Practices to Nutrient Credits for Stormwater Management: A Case Study in Virginia 下载免费PDF全文
Alicia L. Nobles Jonathan L. Goodall G. Michael Fitch 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(1):131-143
Best management practices (BMPs) are widely used to mitigate impacts of increased impervious surfaces on stormwater runoff. However, there is limited detailed and up‐to‐date information available on the cost of designing, constructing, and maintaining BMPs over their lifetime. The objective of this study is to analyze BMPs recently constructed by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to quantify their total cost per pound of phosphorus removed annually. A motivating factor for the study is recent changes to regulatory guidelines in Virginia which allow for full or partial substitution of purchased nutrient credits in lieu of constructing onsite BMPs to achieve compliance with stormwater quality regulations. Results of the analysis of nine BMPs found their cost ranged from $20,100 to $74,900, in 2014 dollars, per pound ($44,313‐$165,126 per kg) of phosphorus removed. Based on these results and assuming current credit prices procured by VDOT, purchasing nutrient credits is a cost‐effective option for the agency, especially when factoring in the cost of additional right of way for the BMP. Based on this finding, we expect compliance with stormwater quality regulations through credit purchases to become more widely used in Virginia. Moving forward, we suggest more direct tracking of BMP costs to support comparisons between BMP costs across a range of types and conditions to credit purchases for meeting stormwater regulations. 相似文献
7.
Romário J. da Silv Lizeth Carolina Mojica-Sánchez Filipe D.S. Gorz Graciela C. Pedro Bruna G. Maciel Gabriela P. Ratkovski Hérica D. da Roch Kamila T.O. do Nascimento Juan C. Medina-Llamas Alicia E. Chávez-Guajardo José J. Alcaraz-Espinoz Celso P. de Melo 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):62-73
We report the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-modified polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun fibers and their use as a novel adsorbent material for the removal of the anionic dye Methyl Orange (MO) from aqueous media. This novel adsorbent material can be used to selectively remove MO on a wide pH range (3.0–10.0), with a maximum capacity of 143.8 mg/g at pH 3.0. When used in a recirculating filtration system, the maximum absorption capacity was reached in a shorter time (20 min) than that observed for batch mode experiments (360 min). Based on the analyses of the kinetics and adsorption isotherm data, one can conclude that the predominant mechanism of interaction between the membrane and the dissolved dye molecules is electrostatic. Besides, considering the estimated values for the Gibbs energy, and entropy and enthalpy changes, it was established that the adsorption process is spontaneous and occurs in an endothermic manner. The good mechanical and environmental stability of these membranes allowed their use in at least 20 consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles, without significant loss of their characteristics. We suggest that the physical-chemical characteristics of PEDOT make these hybrid mats a promising adsorbent material for use in water remediation protocols and effluent treatment systems. 相似文献
8.
Ivonne Bedei Karl-Philipp Gloning Luc Joyeux Matthias Meyer-Wittkopf Daria Willner Martin Krapp Alexander Scharf Jan Degenhardt Kai-Sven Heling Peter Kozlowski Kathrin Trautmann Kai M. Jahns Annegret Geipel Ismail Tekesin Michael Elsässer Lucas Wilhelm Ingo Gottschalk Jan-Erik Baumüller Cahit Birdir Andreas Schröer Felix Zöllner Aline Wolter Johanna Schenk Tascha Gehrke Alicia Spaeth Roland Axt-Fliedner 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(2):183-191
Objective
Omphalocele is known to be associated with genetic anomalies like trisomy 13, 18 and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, but not with Turner syndrome (TS). Our aim was to assess the incidence of omphalocele in fetuses with TS, the phenotype of this association with other anomalies, their karyotype, and the fetal outcomes.Method
Retrospective multicenter study of fetuses with confirmed diagnosis of TS. Data were extracted from a detailed questionnaire sent to specialists in prenatal ultrasound.Results
680 fetuses with TS were included in this analysis. Incidence of small omphalocele in fetuses diagnosed ≥12 weeks was 3.1%. Including fetuses diagnosed before 12 weeks, it was 5.1%. 97.1% (34/35) of the affected fetuses had one or more associated anomalies including increased nuchal translucency (≥3 mm) and/or cystic hygroma (94.3%), hydrops/skin edema (71.1%), and cardiac anomalies (40%). The karyotype was 45,X in all fetuses. Fetal outcomes were poor with only 1 fetus born alive.Conclusion
TS with 45,X karyotype but not with X chromosome variants is associated with small omphalocele. Most of these fetuses have associated anomalies and a poor prognosis. Our data suggest an association of TS with omphalocele, which is evident from the first trimester. 相似文献9.
Natalia Yoshida Mariano Castro Cecile du Mortier Alicia Fernández Cirelli 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(3):157-160
The increase of intensive bovine production systems in Argentina involves the use of therapeutic agents and growth promoters
that reach the environment through animal excreta. The growth promoter most widely used in Argentina is monensin, an ionophore
polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cinnamoniensis. Here, the behavior of monensin in different solid environmental matrices is analyzed, and preliminary results that suggest
a strong dependence of monensin retention with the organic matter content of the matrix are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Summary. Although terrestrial turtles have served as a model for studies of olfactory neurophysiology, little is known about how they
use chemical information in an ecological sense. We tested whether box turtles (Terrapene carolina) use chemical information to distinguish between predatory and nonpredatory mammals. Box turtles in our study exhibited more
escape behavior when exposed to urine from a predator (coyote, Canis latrans) than when exposed to urine from a nonpredator (white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus) or a blank control. Escape behavior is consistent with an antipredator response. In addition, the turtles decreased their
handling time for food when in the presence of urine from either species of mammal in comparison to the blank, indicating
that chemical cues from mammals in general may result in increased vigilance by terrestrial turtles. Examination of a variety
of response variables may be important for adequate assessment of the ecological role of chemosensory behavior. 相似文献