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61.
Linda S. Gaulke Xiao Weiyang Andrew Scanlon Amanda Henck Tom Hinckley 《Environmental management》2010,45(1):93-104
The administration of Jiuzhaigou National Park in Sichuan Province, China, is in the process of considering a range of upgrades
to their sanitation and wastewater treatment systems. Their case history involves an ongoing series of engineering design
flaws and management failures. The administration of the Park identified sustainability, environmental protection, and education
goals for their sanitation and wastewater treatment system. To meet the goal of sustainability, environmental and economic
concerns of the Park’s administration had to be balanced with socio-cultural needs. An advanced reconnaissance method was
developed that identified reasons for previous failures, conducted stakeholder analysis and interviews, determined evaluation
criteria, and introduced innovative alternatives with records of successful global implementations. This evaluation also helped
the Park to better define their goals. To prevent future failures, the administration of the Park must commit to a balanced and thorough evaluation process for
selection of a final alternative and institute effective long-term management and monitoring of systems. In addition, to meet
goals and achieve energy efficient, cost-effective use of resources, the Park must shift their thinking from one of waste
disposal to resource recovery. The method and criteria developed for this case study provides a framework to aid in the successful
implementation of sanitation projects in both underdeveloped and developed areas of the world, incorporating socio-cultural
values and resource recovery for a complex group of stakeholders. 相似文献
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Emily A. Botts Genevieve Pence Stephen Holness Kerry Sink Andrew Skowno Amanda Driver Linda R. Harris Philip Desmet Boyd Escott Mervyn Lötter Jeanne Nel Tammy Smith Fahiema Daniels Samuel Sinclair Warrick Stewart Jeffrey Manuel 《Conservation biology》2019,33(6):1235-1246
Systematic conservation planning is intended to inform spatially explicit decision making. Doing so requires that it be integrated into complex regulatory and governance processes, and there are limited instances where this has been achieved effectively. South Africa is a global leader in the application of conservation plans, the outputs of which are widely used for spatial planning and decision making in many spheres of government. We aimed to determine how conservation planning in the country progressed from theory to implementation, and to identify practical actions that enabled this transition, by assessing temporal trends in the characteristics of conservation plans (1990–2017, n = 94). Since 2010 conservation planning has entered an operational period characterized by government leadership of plans, administrative rather than ecological planning domains, decreasing size of planning units, increasing emphasis on end-user products, and scheduled revision of plans. Key actions that enabled this progression include transitioning leadership of plans from scientists to practitioners, building capacity within implementing agencies, creating opportunities to integrate plans in legislative processes, establishing a strong community of practice, adopting implementation-focused methods, and balancing standardization with innovation. Learning from this model will allow other countries, particularly those with a similar megadiverse, developing context, to operationalize conservation planning into spatial planning and decision making. 相似文献
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Kristen M. Waring Danielle M. Reboletti Lauren A. Mork Ching-Hsun Huang Richard W. Hofstetter Amanda M. Garcia Peter Z. Fulé T. Seth Davis 《Environmental management》2009,44(4):824-835
Predicted climate warming is expected to have profound effects on bark beetle population dynamics in the southwestern United
States. Temperature-mediated effects may include increases in developmental rates, generations per year, and changes in habitat
suitability. As a result, the impacts of Dendroctonus frontalis and Dendroctonus mexicanus on forest resources are likely subject to amplification. To assess the implications of such change, we evaluated the generations
per year of these species under three climate scenarios using a degree-day development model. We also assessed economic impacts
of increased beetle outbreaks in terms of the costs of application of preventative silvicultural treatments and potential
economic revenues forgone. Across the southwestern USA, the potential number of beetle generations per year ranged from 1–3+ under
historical climate, an increase of 2–4+ under the minimal warming scenario and 3–5+ under the greatest warming scenario. Economic
benefits of applying basal area reduction treatments to reduce forest susceptibility to beetle outbreaks ranged from 7.75/ha (NM) to7.75/ha
(NM) to 95.69/ha (AZ) under historical conditions, and 47.96/ha (NM) to47.96/ha (NM) to 174.58/ha (AZ) under simulated severe drought conditions.
Basal area reduction treatments that reduce forest susceptibility to beetle outbreak result in higher net present values than
no action scenarios. Coupled with other deleterious consequences associated with beetle outbreaks, such as increased wildfires,
the results suggest that forest thinning treatments play a useful role in a period of climate warming. 相似文献
67.
Collecting marine organisms for the discovery and development of pharmaceuticals has been perceived variously as sustaining and threatening conservation. Our initial expectations that marine bioprospecting might pose conservation challenges were largely not confirmed. Thousands of marine species have been collected for initial assessment, but usually only in very small amounts. Very few compounds are sufficiently promising to provoke re-collections, where volumes can be much larger. This is where conservation concerns may arise, particularly if the organism is rare, has a restricted distribution, or is targeted in one narrow area. However, industry generally seeks to avoid dependency on small populations, for economic as well as ecological reasons. Alternative supply strategies to wild capture include synthesis and culture. Mandatory collection protocols and environmental impact (stock) assessments are useful routes for management to achieve sustainable use where extraction is desirable. In general, the scanty information available suggests that marine bioprospecting for pharmaceuticals may have minimal impacts on the environment, particularly compared with those created by other pressures. 相似文献
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Eliza Kluckow Jane Halliday Alice Poulton Anthea Lindquist Briohny Hutchinson Michael Bethune Leonard Bonacquisto Fabricio Da Silva Costa Lucy Gugasyan James Harraway Amanda Howden Abhijit Kulkarni Nicole Martin Richard McCoy Melody Menezes Debbie Nisbet Ricardo Palma-Dias Mark D. Pertile Zeffie Poulakis Lisa Hui 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(13):1254-1261
70.
This study examined the predictive contribution of occupational and marital stress to the development of symptomatolgoy, affective disorder, and alcohol-related problems in a sample of 325 male power plant employees interviewed at baseline and one-year follow up. After controlling for known clinical and social risk factors, we found statistically significant predictive effects of job demands on affective disorder and job decision latitude on alcohol problems. In addition, the specific combination of high job demands with low decision latitude was important in predicting the occurrence of alcohol problems. Marital stress was not predictive of poorer mental health. The analyses provided only minimal support for a stress-buffering rote of social support. 相似文献