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11.
(E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol (geranyl acetol), termed here fuscol, was identified as a male-produced pheromone emitted by Tetropium fuscum (F.) and Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby. In field experiments, traps baited with synthetic fuscol alone were not significantly attractive, but the combination of fuscol plus host volatiles (a synthetic blend of monoterpenes plus ethanol) attracted significantly more male and female T. fuscum and female T. cinnamopterum than did host volatiles alone. This is the first homoterpenoid alcohol to be described in the Cerambycidae, and the first pheromone reported from the sub-family Spondylidinae.  相似文献   
12.
Geologic carbon sequestration is the injection of anthropogenic CO2 into deep geologic formations where the CO2 is intended to remain indefinitely. If successfully implemented, geologic carbon sequestration will have little or no impact on terrestrial ecosystems aside from the mitigation of climate change. However, failure of a geologic carbon sequestration site, such as large-scale leakage of CO2 into a potable groundwater aquifer, could cause impacts that would require costly remediation measures. Governments are attempting to develop regulations for permitting geologic carbon sequestration sites to ensure their safety and effectiveness. At present, these regulations focus largely on decreasing the probability of failure. In this paper we propose that regulations for the siting of early geologic carbon sequestration projects should emphasize limiting the consequences of failure because consequences are easier to quantify than failure probability.  相似文献   
13.
Jonathan M. H. Green  Gemma R. Cranston  William J. Sutherland  Hannah R. Tranter  Sarah J. Bell  Tim G. Benton  Eva Blixt  Colm Bowe  Sarah Broadley  Andrew Brown  Chris Brown  Neil Burns  David Butler  Hannah Collins  Helen Crowley  Justin DeKoszmovszky  Les G. Firbank  Brett Fulford  Toby A. Gardner  Rosemary S. Hails  Sharla Halvorson  Michael Jack  Ben Kerrison  Lenny S. C. Koh  Steven C. Lang  Emily J. McKenzie  Pablo Monsivais  Timothy O’Riordan  Jeremy Osborn  Stephen Oswald  Emma Price Thomas  David Raffaelli  Belinda Reyers  Jagjit S. Srai  Bernardo B. N. Strassburg  David Webster  Ruth Welters  Gail Whiteman  James Wilsdon  Bhaskar Vira 《Sustainability Science》2017,12(2):319-331
Delivering access to sufficient food, energy and water resources to ensure human wellbeing is a major concern for governments worldwide. However, it is crucial to account for the ‘nexus’ of interactions between these natural resources and the consequent implications for human wellbeing. The private sector has a critical role in driving positive change towards more sustainable nexus management and could reap considerable benefits from collaboration with researchers to devise solutions to some of the foremost sustainability challenges of today. Yet opportunities are missed because the private sector is rarely involved in the formulation of deliverable research priorities. We convened senior research scientists and influential business leaders to collaboratively identify the top forty questions that, if answered, would best help companies understand and manage their food-energy-water-environment nexus dependencies and impacts. Codification of the top order nexus themes highlighted research priorities around development of pragmatic yet credible tools that allow businesses to incorporate nexus interactions into their decision-making; demonstration of the business case for more sustainable nexus management; identification of the most effective levers for behaviour change; and understanding incentives or circumstances that allow individuals and businesses to take a leadership stance. Greater investment in the complex but productive relations between the private sector and research community will create deeper and more meaningful collaboration and cooperation.  相似文献   
14.
Regional Environmental Change - Replacement of conventional energy sources with renewables such as solar panels and wind turbines requires adequate land. Impact assessments should be conducted to...  相似文献   
15.
As part of the DAPPLE programme two large scale urban tracer experiments using multiple simultaneous releases of cyclic perfluoroalkanes from fixed location point sources was performed. The receptor concentrations along with relevant meteorological parameters measured are compared with a three screening dispersion models in order to best predict the decay of pollution sources with respect to distance. It is shown here that the simple dispersion models tested here can provide a reasonable upper bound estimate of the maximum concentrations measured with an empirical model derived from field observations and wind tunnel studies providing the best estimate. An indoor receptor was also used to assess indoor concentrations and their pertinence to commonly used evacuation procedures.  相似文献   
16.
The dynamics of arsenic in four paddy fields in the Bengal delta   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Irrigation with arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Bengal Delta may lead to As accumulation in the soil and rice grain. The dynamics of As concentration and speciation in paddy fields during dry season (boro) rice cultivation were investigated at 4 sites in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. Three sites which were irrigated with high As groundwater had elevated As concentrations in the soils, showing a significant gradient from the irrigation inlet across the field. Arsenic concentration and speciation in soil pore water varied temporally and spatially; higher As concentrations were associated with an increasing percentage of arsenite, indicating a reductive mobilization. Concentrations of As in rice grain varied by 2-7 fold within individual fields and were poorly related with the soil As concentration. A field site employing alternating flooded-dry irrigation produced the lowest range of grain As concentration, suggesting a lower soil As availability caused by periodic aerobic conditions.  相似文献   
17.
Following isopycnic sedimentation in density gradients of colloidal silica (Ludox AM), zooplankton segregated into 3 broad bands of increasing density which included, respectively, fish eggs, invertebrates, and fish larvae. The zone of fish eggs was contaminated with Sagitta spp. and the zone of fish larvae was overlapped partially by mysids and euphausids. We have sought to minimize contamination through modifications of the silica gradients which might shift banding densities of the ichthyoplankton or of the contaminating invertebrates. Density shifts in fact occurred in different commercial formulations of silica sols and in gradients modified by small amounts of polymers, osmotica or charged small molecules. Sagitta were specifically shifted out of the zone of fish eggs by the addition, of 1% w/v dextran sulfate or in a silica sol composed of very small particles of silica (Nalcoag 1115). Fish larvae were shifted to higher densities by the addition of 1% w/v trimetaphosphate or 1% w/v dextran sulfate. Additions of 1% w/v polyvinyl alcohol, and of 10 mM glycine, and potassium phosphate had intermediate effects. The same banding densities of plankton in silica gradients were reached in less than 10 h at one gravity, independent of the immediate pretreatment of the sample.  相似文献   
18.
A sheep dosed topically with 14C-crufomate (4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl methyl methylphosphoramidate) excreted 45.5% of the 14C dose in the urine within 9 days. The feces contained 1.2% and the carcass 40.4% (this included the 37.7% of the dose remaining on the skin in the dosing area) of the dose. At sacrifice, the fat, liver, kidney, lung, and skin (where the dose was applied) contained the highest concentrations of 14C. Fourteen urinary metabolites were isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry. The metabolic reactions involved were oxidations of the t-butyl moiety, O-demethylation, replacement of the H-N-CH3 moiety with a hydroxyl group, oxidation of the N-methyl group to yield N-formyl phosphoramidates, hydrolysis of the phosphoramidate moiety to yield phenols, conjugation with glucuronic acid and combinations of these reactions.  相似文献   
19.
20.
The cement industry is one of the largest carbon dioxide (CO2) emitters in the Thai industry. The cement sector accounted for about 20,633 kilotonnes (ktonnes) CO2 emissions in 2005 in Thailand. A bottom-up CO2 abatement cost curve (ACC) is constructed in this study for the Thai cement industry to determine the potentials and costs of CO2 abatement, taking into account the costs and CO2 abatement of different technologies. The period of 2010–2025 is chosen as the scenario period. We analyzed 41 CO2 abatement technologies and measures for the cement industry. Using the bottom-up CO2 ACC model, the cost-effective annual CO2 abatement potential for the Thai cement industry during the 15 year scenario period (2010–2025) is equal to 3095 ktonnes CO2/year. This is about 15% of the Thai cement industry’s total CO2 emissions in 2005. The total technical annual CO2 abatement potential is 3143 ktonnes CO2/year, which is about 15.2% of the Thai cement industry’s total CO2 emissions in 2005. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis for the discount rate parameter.  相似文献   
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