楠溪江硝态氮来源定量识别及其不确定性分析

选择温州市楠溪江流域为研究区,通过水化学分析和硝态氮中氮氧稳定同位素示踪技术,对水体硝态氮时空分布特征、迁移转化过程和污染来源进行识别,结合稳定同位素源解析模型（SIAR）,定量识别不同污染源的贡献率,并在此基础上应用概率统计方法对模拟结果的不确定性进行分析.结果表明：研究区水体氮素赋存形态以硝态氮为主;硝态氮含量呈现明显的时空变化,时间上,丰水期硝态氮浓度高于枯水期,空间上,支流硝态氮浓度高于主河道;硝化作用主导了流域内硝态氮的转化过程,化肥、土壤有机氮和粪便污水是楠溪江水体硝态氮的主要来源;SIAR模型计算显示大气沉降、化肥、土壤有机氮、粪便污水对枯水期水体硝态氮的贡献率分别为3.0%~12.9%,25.5%~32.7%,28.7%~36.2%和24.7%~37.5%,对丰水期水体硝态氮贡献率为2.5%~14.3%,28.5%~40.0%,28.8%~39.7%和18.9%~29.90%.模拟结果的不确定性分析表明SIAR模拟结果存在一定程度的不确定性,不同污染源贡献率的不确定性从大到小排序为：土壤有机氮>化肥>粪便污水>大气沉降.     

Occurrence of Norovirus,Rotavirus, Hepatitis a Virus,and Enterovirus in Berries in Argentina

Food and Environmental Virology - Berries have been implicated as the probable vehicle of infection in multiple outbreaks of norovirus and hepatitis A virus (HAV). These foods often receive minimal...     

Vegetation productivity under climate change depends on landscape complexity in tropical drylands

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - All Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects are designed to contribute to the sustainable development of the host country. Livelihood is...     

Novel Biodegradable Thermoplastic Elastomer Based on Poly(butylene succinate) and Epoxidized Natural Rubber Simple Blends

Novel biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer based on epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend was prepared by a simple blend technique. Influence of blend ratios of ENR and PBS on morphological, mechanical, thermal and biodegradable properties were investigated. In addition, chemical interaction between ENR and PBS molecules was evaluated by means of the rheological properties and infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the phase inversion behavior of ENR/PBS blend was predicted by different empirical and semi-empirical models including Utracki, Paul and Barlow, Steinmann and Gergen models. It was found that the co-continuous phase morphology was observed in the blend with ENR/PBS about 58/42 wt% which is in good agreement with the model of Steinmann. This correlates well to morphological and mechanical properties together with degree of crystallinity of PBS in the blends. In addition, the biodegradability was characterized by soil burial test after 1, 3 and 9 months and found that the biodegradable ENR/PBS blends with optimum mechanical and biodegradability were successfully prepared.     

Toxic effects of the ingestion of water-soluble elements found in soil under the atmospheric influence of an industrial complex

In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of water-soluble elements from a contaminated soil via gavage in a single dose, simulating a geophagy event. The contaminated soil was collected in a field located in an industrial complex, and the control soil was collected in a reference area. Metabolic and behavioral parameters in Wistar male rats were measured after 24 and 96 h of gavage. After 96 h, the major organs were weighed, blood was collected to check hematological parameters, the bone marrow was taken for the micronucleus test, and the liver was used for evaluating the total antioxidant capacity, lipoperoxidation and protein carbonylation. Animals exposed to contaminated soil presented a few significant alterations by comparison with control animals: TBARS and protein carbonyl levels increased, the relative weight of the kidneys increased, metabolic parameters (body weight gain, food intake, water consumption, urine and feces production) depressed and there was behavioral alteration. These findings suggest that soils impacted by atmospheric contaminants can affect the organism physiological status jeopardizing the health of populations living in industrial areas. Finally, this study reassures that ingestion of potentially contaminated soils, even for short periods of time, can cause health risks.     

Effects of lead exposure on salivary glands of rats: insights into the oxidative biochemistry and glandular morphology

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to investigate the effects of lead (Pb) exposure on parotid and submandibular glands through morphological aspects as well as the...     

Microbial interactions with the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and their dependence on temperature

Associated heterotrophic bacteria alter the microenvironment of cyanobacteria and potentially influence cyanobacterial development. Therefore, we studied interactions of the unicellular freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa with heterotrophic bacteria. The associated bacterial community was greatly driven by temperature as seen by DNA fingerprinting. However, the associated microbes also closely interacted with the cyanobacteria indicating changing ecological consequence of the associated bacterial community with temperature. Whereas concentration of dissolved organic carbon in cyanobacterial cultures changed in a temperature-dependent manner, its quality greatly varied under the same environmental conditions, but with different associated bacterial communities. Furthermore, temperature affected quantity and quality of cell-bound microcystins, whereby interactions between M. aeruginosa and their associated community often masked this temperature effect. Both macro- and microenvironment of active cyanobacterial strains were characterized by high pH and oxygen values creating a unique habitat that potentially affects microbial diversity and function. For example, archaea including ‘anaerobic’ methanogens contributed to the associated microbial community. This implies so far uncharacterized interactions between Microcystis aeruginosa and its associated prokaryotic community, which has unknown ecological consequences in a climatically changing world.