全文获取类型
收费全文 | 970篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 25篇 |
废物处理 | 71篇 |
环保管理 | 87篇 |
综合类 | 112篇 |
基础理论 | 215篇 |
污染及防治 | 353篇 |
评价与监测 | 81篇 |
社会与环境 | 51篇 |
灾害及防治 | 8篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 50篇 |
2021年 | 51篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 52篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 68篇 |
2015年 | 42篇 |
2014年 | 65篇 |
2013年 | 92篇 |
2012年 | 65篇 |
2011年 | 64篇 |
2010年 | 47篇 |
2009年 | 46篇 |
2008年 | 61篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 35篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 20篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1956年 | 2篇 |
1940年 | 1篇 |
1934年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1003条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
H. Resit Akçakaya Ana S. L. Rodrigues David A. Keith E. J. Milner-Gulland Eric W. Sanderson Simon Hedges David P. Mallon Molly K. Grace Barney Long Erik Meijaard P. J. Stephenson 《Conservation biology》2020,34(3):561-571
Species interactions matter to conservation. Setting an ambitious recovery target for a species requires considering the size, density, and demographic structure of its populations such that they fulfill the interactions, roles, and functions of the species in the ecosystems in which they are embedded. A recently proposed framework for an International Union for Conservation of Nature Green List of Species formalizes this requirement by defining a fully recovered species in terms of representation, viability, and functionality. Defining and quantifying ecological function from the viewpoint of species recovery is challenging in concept and application, but also an opportunity to insert ecological theory into conservation practice. We propose 2 complementary approaches to assessing a species’ ecological functions: confirmation (listing interactions of the species, identifying ecological processes and other species involved in these interactions, and quantifying the extent to which the species contributes to the identified ecological process) and elimination (inferring functionality by ruling out symptoms of reduced functionality, analogous to the red-list approach that focuses on symptoms of reduced viability). Despite the challenges, incorporation of functionality into species recovery planning is possible in most cases and it is essential to a conservation vision that goes beyond preventing extinctions and aims to restore a species to levels beyond what is required for its viability. This vision focuses on conservation and recovery at the species level and sees species as embedded in ecosystems, influencing and being influenced by the processes in those ecosystems. Thus, it connects and integrates conservation at the species and ecosystem levels. 相似文献
63.
64.
Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) spawning seasonality in European waters of the northeast Atlantic 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yorgos Stratoudakis Stephen Coombs Ana Lago de Lanzós Nicholas Halliday Gersom Costas Bruno Caneco Concha Franco David Conway M. Begoña Santos Alexandra Silva Miguel Bernal 《Marine Biology》2007,152(1):201-212
Egg data from ichthyoplankton monitoring sites in the western English Channel (1988–2003) and northern Spain (1990–2000) and
macroscopic maturity data from biological samples of purse seine landings in western and southern Iberia (1980–2004) are used
to describe the spawning seasonality of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in European waters of the northeast Atlantic using generalised additive models. The fitted models reveal a double peak in
spawning activity during early summer and autumn in the western Channel, a wider spring peak off northern Spain and a broad
winter season in the western and southern Iberian Peninsula. At all sites, a high probability of spawning activity was observed
over at least 3 months of the year, with the duration of the season increasing with both decreasing latitude and increasing
fish size. Off western and southern Iberia there are indications that the spawning season has been of longer duration in recent
years for all size classes (reaching in some cases 8 months of the year for large fish). These patterns are in general agreement
with existing literature and theoretical expectations of sardine spawning being driven locally by the seasonal cycle of water
temperature, assuming preferences for spawning at 14 –15°C and avoidance for temperatures below 12°C and above 16°C. Regional
quotient plots indicated that spawning tolerance to higher temperatures increases progressively with decreasing latitude.
Despite the weak evidence for geographical differences in temperature tolerance that may have some genetic origin, the degree
of spatio-temporal overlap in sardine-spawning activity within Atlantic European waters is unlikely to promote any reproductive
isolation in that area. 相似文献
65.
Samuel R. Scholes Ana B. Sendova-Franks S. Tim Swift Chris Melhuish 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,59(4):531-540
A fundamental issue of collective intelligence is whether the collective pattern or process is based on environmental information
that explicitly codes for it or arises through self-organization of the individuals. Sometimes, these alternatives occur together.
Adaptive systems may also be capable of utilizing different types of mechanism under different conditions. Sendova-Franks
et al. (Anim Behav 68:1095–1106, 2004) demonstrated evidence for a self-organization mechanism of brood sorting in the ant
Temnothorax albipennis, where the brood are sorted in a series of bands or concentric annuli that increase in size with distance from the colony
centre. The work by Cox and Blanchard (J Theor Biol 204:223-238, 2000) suggests an alternative or complementary mechanism
whereby the brood pattern is specified by the template of a CO2 gradient. Here, we test for a gaseous template as a necessary condition for brood sorting. Under the experimental condition,
we pumped the air out of the nest continuously to prevent the accumulation of any gaseous substances. We compared the brood
pattern between the experimental and control conditions according to four characteristics: mean distance from centre, mean
nearest-neighbour distance, shape and area. Under the experimental condition, the order of brood types according to the first
two characteristics was the same as in the control. The area of the brood pattern was smaller, and its shape elongated under
the experimental condition. As expected on the basis of these differences, mean distance from centre was greater and mean
nearest-neighbour distance was smaller under the experimental condition (although not statistically significantly) and by
the expected amount. We found evidence that ants avoid placing brood in the strongest airflow stream. This could explain the
reduced area and elongated shape of the brood pattern under the experimental condition. We conclude that a gaseous template
is not a necessary condition for brood sorting.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
66.
The assessment of water quality in the Lower Luján River (Buenos Aires,Argentina): phytoplankton and algal bioassays 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
O'Farrell I Lombardo RJ de Pinto PT Loez C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(2):207-218
The monitoring of river phytoplankton and several hydrological, physical and chemical variables, in combination with bioassays using Selenastrum capricornutum Printz, allowed the characterisation of three distinct reaches of the Lower River Luján. The upstream stretch, characterised by the lowest depth and discharge, registered the highest nutrient, dissolved heavy metal and chlorophyll a concentrations in accordance with low phytoplankton diversity and the occurrence of several species typical of organically polluted lowland rivers. A downstream improvement, concomitant to increasing river discharge, is revealed by a progressive decrease of organic pollution parameters even though algal toxicity is registered through bioassays. The water input from the Parana River through the G. Arias Channel plays an important role in the regulation of the limnology of the Lower Luján River. As a result of marked increasing discharge, depth and width, there is a decrease in nutrient concentration and phytoplankton density and an increase in dissolved oxygen concentration. Likewise, algal growth rates in the bioassays showed less toxic effect. 相似文献
67.
Sanja Papi? Natalija Koprivanac Ana Loncari? Bozi? Dinko Vujevi? Savka Kusar Dragicevi? Hrvoje Kusi? Igor Peternel 《Water environment research》2006,78(6):572-579
The chemical degradation of synthetic azo dyes color index (C.I.) Acid Orange 7, C.I. Direct Orange 39, and C.I. Mordant Yellow 10 has been studied by the following advanced oxidation processes: Fenton, Fenton-like, ozonation, peroxone without or with addition of solid particles, zeolites HY, and NH4ZSM5. Spectrophotometric (UV/visible light spectrum) and total organic carbon measurements were used for determination of process efficiency and reaction kinetics. The degradation rates are evaluated by determining their rate constants. The different hydroxyl radical generation processes were comparatively studied, and the most efficient experimental conditions for the degradation of organic azo dyes solutions were determined. 相似文献
68.
Effect of copper in the protistan community of activated sludge 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Protists have proved to be an interesting tool for assessing the occurrence of pollution in wastewater treatment systems along with its role in the control of pollution itself through grazing of dispersed bacteria and maintenance of a healthy trophic web in those artificial ecosystems. Two sets of assays were carried on in a bench scale pilot plant in order to study the response of the activated sludge community of protists to the exposure of copper: the first set was carried on with synthetic sewage and the second one with real sewage. The results emphasize the ability of activated sludge biological communities to survive and to react to toxicants and highlight the role of protistan communities as indicators of toxicants entrance in treatment systems. 相似文献
69.
Phytoremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, anilines and phenols 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Harvey PJ Campanella BF Castro PM Harms H Lichtfouse E Schäffner AR Smrcek S Werck-Reichhart D 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(1):29-47
Phytoremediation technologies based on the combined action of plants and the microbial communities that they support within the rhizosphere hold promise in the remediation of land and waterways contaminated with hydrocarbons but they have not yet been adopted in large-scale remediation strategies. In this review plant and microbial degradative capacities, viewed as a continuum, have been dissected in order to identify where bottle-necks and limitations exist. Phenols, anilines and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected as the target classes of molecule for consideration, in part because of their common patterns of distribution, but also because of the urgent need to develop techniques to overcome their toxicity to human health. Depending on the chemical and physical properties of the pollutant, the emerging picture suggests that plants will draw pollutants including PAHs into the plant rhizosphere to varying extents via the transpiration stream. Mycorrhizosphere-bacteria and -fungi may play a crucial role in establishing plants in degraded ecosystems. Within the rhizosphere, microbial degradative activities prevail in order to extract energy and carbon skeletons from the pollutants for microbial cell growth. There has been little systematic analysis of the changing dynamics of pollutant degradation within the rhizosphere; however, the importance of plants in supplying oxygen and nutrients to the rhizosphere via fine roots, and of the beneficial effect of microorganisms on plant root growth is stressed. In addition to their role in supporting rhizospheric degradative activities, plants may possess a limited capacity to transport some of the more mobile pollutants into roots and shoots via fine roots. In those situations where uptake does occur (i.e. only limited microbial activity in the rhizosphere) there is good evidence that the pollutant may be metabolised. However, plant uptake is frequently associated with the inhibition of plant growth and an increasing tendency to oxidant stress. Pollutant tolerance seems to correlate with the ability to deposit large quantities of pollutant metabolites in the 'bound' residue fraction of plant cell walls compared to the vacuole. In this regard, particular attention is paid to the activities of peroxidases, laccases, cytochromes P450, glucosyltransferases and ABC transporters. However, despite the seemingly large diversity of these proteins, direct proof of their participation in the metabolism of industrial aromatic pollutants is surprisingly scarce and little is known about their control in the overall metabolic scheme. Little is known about the bioavailability of bound metabolites; however, there may be a need to prevent their movement into wildlife food chains. In this regard, the application to harvested plants of composting techniques based on the degradative capacity of white-rot fungi merits attention. 相似文献
70.
Macrobenthic community in the Douro estuary: relations with trace metals and natural sediment characteristics 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Mucha AP Vasconcelos MT Bordalo AA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,121(2):169-180
The relationship between macrobenthic community structure and natural characteristics of sediment and trace metal contamination were studied in the lower Douro estuary (Portugal, NW, Iberian Peninsula), using an innovative threefold approach (SQG, Sediment Quality Guidelines), metal normalization to Fe, and macrobenthic community structure. This study allowed detection of a clear signature of anthropogenic contamination, in terms of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cr in the north bank of the estuary, which experiences high urban pressure. Using the SQG approach, metal concentrations above ERM (effects range-median) were observed only at one sampling station, but several stations had levels above ERL (effects range-low). The macrobenthic community had a low diversity, with only 19 species found in the entire estuarine area, dominated by opportunistic species. The granulometric distribution of the sediments (estimated from the combination of organic matter, Fe and Al) seemed to be the major structuring factor for the communities, establishing the natural macrobenthic distribution pattern. The metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cr) seemed to act as a disturbing factor over the natural distribution, with deleterious consequences for the macrobenthic communities. 相似文献