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991.
Four sediment cores collected in the Seine River basin and dated between 1916 and 2003 were analyzed for lead concentrations and isotopic composition. In all four cores, the measured Pb concentration (up to 460 mg kg−1) lies significantly above the natural background (27-40 mg kg−1), although a significant decrease (down to 75 mg kg−1) was observed during the second half of the 20th century which can be explained by the reduction of lead emissions. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio measured in these samples indicates that the main source of Pb used in the Paris conurbation is characterized by a “Rio Tinto” signature (defined as 206Pb/207Pb = 1.1634 ± 0.0001). A high contribution, up to 25%, from the leaded gasoline (characterized by 206Pb/207Pb = 1.08 ± 0.02) is revealed in the Seine River downstream Paris, indicating that lead from the leaded gasoline is preferentially released to the river.The dominating Pb signature in the Paris conurbation that is currently sampled through incinerators fumes (206Pb/207Pb = 1.1550 ± 0.0005) and waste water treatment plant (206Pb/207Pb = 1.154 ± 0.002), represents a mixture of highly recycled lead from the Rio Tinto mine and lead from leaded gasoline (imprinted by the low 206Pb/207Pb of the Broken Hill mine). This signature is called “urban” rather than “industrial”, because it is clearly distinct from the Pb that is found in areas contaminated by heavy industry, i.e. the heavy industries located on the Oise River which used lead from European ores characterized by high 206Pb/207Pb ratios (∼1.18-1.19) and possibly a minor amount of North American lead (206Pb/207Pb ratios > 1.20). The “urban” signature is also found in a rural area upstream of Paris in the 1970’s. At the Seine River mouth in 2003, Pb with an urban signature represents 70% of the total Pb sediment content, with the 30% remaining corresponding to natural Pb. 相似文献
992.
El-Ghenymy A Arias C Cabot PL Centellas F Garrido JA Rodríguez RM Brillas E 《Chemosphere》2012,87(10):1126-1133
993.
Pareja L Pérez-Parada A Agüera A Cesio V Heinzen H Fernández-Alba AR 《Chemosphere》2012,87(8):838-844
Quinclorac (QNC) is an effective but rather persistent herbicide commonly used in rice production. This herbicide presents a mean persistence in the environment so its residues are considered of environmental relevance. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate its environmental behavior and degradation. In the present work, direct photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis of the target compound in ultrapure and paddy field water were investigated. After 10 h photolysis in ultrapure water, the concentration of QNC declined 26% and 54% at 250 and 700 W m−2, respectively. However, the amount of quinclorac in paddy field water remained almost constant under the same irradiation conditions. QNC dissipated completely after 40 min of TiO2 photocatalysis in ultrapure water, whereas 130 min were necessary to degrade 98% of the initial concentration in paddy field water.Possible QNC photolytic and photocatalytic degradation pathways are proposed after structure elucidation of the main transformation products, through liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and exact mass measurements. Pyridine ring hydroxylation at C-9 followed by ring opening and/or oxidative dechlorination were the key steps of QNC degradation. 相似文献
994.
Comparative bioaccumulation kinetics of trace elements in Mediterranean marine sponges 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Genta-Jouve G Cachet N Oberhänsli F Noyer C Teyssié JL Thomas OP Lacoue-Labarthe T 《Chemosphere》2012,89(3):340-349
While marine organisms such as bivalves, seagrasses and macroalgae are commonly used as biomonitors for the environment pollution assessment, widely distributed sponges received little attention as potential helpful species for monitoring programmes. In this study, the trace element and radionuclide bioaccumulation and retention capacities of some marine sponges were estimated in a species-comparative study using radiotracers technique. Six Mediterranean species were exposed to background dissolved concentrations of 110mAg, 241Am, 109Cd, 60Co, 134Cs, 54Mn, 75Se and 65Zn allowing the assessment of the uptake and depuration kinetics for selected elements. Globally, massive demosponges Agelas oroides, Chondrosia reniformis and Ircinia variabilis displayed higher concentration factor (CF) than the erectile ones (Acanthella acuta, Cymbaxinella damicornis, Cymbaxinella verrucosa) at the end of exposure, suggesting that the morphology is a key factor in the metal bioaccumulation efficiency. Considering this observation, two exceptions were noted: (1) A. acuta reached the highest CF for 110mAg and strongly retained the accumulated metal without significant Ag loss when placed in depuration conditions and (2) C. reniformis did not accumulate Se as much as A. oroides and I. variabilis. These results suggest that peculiar metal uptake properties in sponges could be driven by specific metabolites or contrasting biosilification processes between species, respectively. This study demonstrated that sponges could be considered as valuable candidate for biomonitoring metal contamination but also that there is a need to experimentally highlight metal-dependant characteristic among species. 相似文献
995.
The influence of humic aggregates in water solution upon the chemical stability of carbofuran (CF) and the carbofuran-derivatives, 3-hydroxy-carbofuran (HCF) and 3-keto-carbofuran (KCF), has been investigated in basic media. An inhibition upon the basic hydrolysis of 3-hydroxy-carbofuran and 3-keto-carbofuran (∼1.7 and ∼1.5-fold, respectively) was observed and it was rationalized in terms of the micellar pseudophase model. Nevertheless, non-significant effect upon the carbofuran stability was found in the presence of humic substances. These behaviors have been compared with the corresponding ones in other synthetic colloidal aggregates. 相似文献
996.
Gagné F André C Skirrow R Gélinas M Auclair J van Aggelen G Turcotte P Gagnon C 《Chemosphere》2012,89(5):615-622
Silver (Ag) nanoparticles are used as antimicrobial adjuvant in various products such as clothes and medical devices where the release of nano-Ag could contaminate the environment and harm wildlife. The purpose of this study was to examine the sublethal effects of nano-Ag and dissolved Ag on Oncorhynchus mykiss rainbow trout. Hepatic Ag contents and changes in gene expression were monitored to provide insights on bioavailability and mode of action of both forms of silver. Fish were exposed to increasing concentrations (0.06, 0.6 and 6 μg L−1) of nano-Ag (20 nm) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) for 96 h at 15 °C. A gene expression analysis was performed in the liver using a DNA microarray of 207 stress-related genes followed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction on a selection of genes for validation. The biochemical markers consisted of the determination of labile zinc, metallothioneins, DNA strand breaks, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and vitellogenin-like proteins. The analysis of total Ag in the aquarium water revealed that nano-Ag was mostly aggregated, with 1% of the total Ag being dissolved. Nevertheless, hepatic Ag content was significantly increased in exposed fish. Indeed, dissolved Ag was significantly more bioavailable than nano-Ag only at the highest concentration with 38 ± 10 and 11 ± 3 ng Ag mg−1 proteins for dissolved and nano-Ag respectively. Exposure to both forms of Ag led to significant changes in gene expression for 13% of tested gene targets. About 12% of genes responded specifically to nano-Ag, while 10% of total gene targets responded specifically to dissolved Ag. The levels of vitellogenin-like proteins and DNA strand breaks were significantly reduced by both forms of Ag, but DNA break levels were lower with nano-Ag and could not be explained by the presence of ionic Ag. Labile zinc and the oxidized fraction of metallothioneins were increased by both forms of Ag, but LPO was significantly induced by nano-Ag only. A discriminant function analysis revealed that the responses obtained by biochemical markers and a selection of ten target genes were able to discriminate completely (100%) the effects of both forms of Ag. Exposure to nano-Ag involved genes in inflammation and dissolved Ag involved oxidative stress and protein stability. Hence, the toxicity of Ag will differ depending on the presence of Ag nanoparticles and aggregates. 相似文献
997.
Martini F Fernández C Tarazona JV Pablos MV 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2012,160(1):28-33
The exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) results in an alteration of immune function in mammals and fish, and the analysis of cytokine mRNA levels has been suggested for predicting the immunomodulatory potential of chemicals. To obtain evidence of the innate immune responses to B[a]P in Xenopus laevis, the present study monitored the mRNA expression of interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in a laboratorial exposure. Tadpoles exposed to 8.36, 14.64, 89.06 and 309.47 μg/L of B[a]P,were used for detecting hsp70, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA induction. A dose-response increase in the expression of hsp70 and IL-1β mRNA was found. The results of this study confirmed the use of hsp70 and IL-1β, but not TNF-α, as sensitive indicators of immunotoxic effect of B[a]P in X. laevis. Further research would be required for the validation of these endpoints. 相似文献
998.
Pérez-Parada A Gómez-Ramos Mdel M Martínez Bueno MJ Uclés S Uclés A Fernández-Alba AR 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(2):467-481
Purpose
Instrumental capabilities and software tools of modern hybrid mass spectrometry (MS) instruments such as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF), and quadrupole linear ion trap (QLIT) were experimentally investigated for the study of emerging contaminants in Henares River water samples. 相似文献999.
Gómara B Athanasiadou M Quintanilla-López JE González MJ Bergman A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(1):139-147
Introduction
Concentrations and congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) in placenta samples from a Madrid population (Spain) are reported. Structure dependent retentions of OH-PCBs are known to occur in both humans and wildlife, making it of interest to assess placental transfer of both parent compounds and their metabolites to the developing foetus. 相似文献1000.
Teixeira S Delerue-Matos C Santos L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3096-3106